Category: CSE Seminar Topics

Introduction to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Seminar Topic:

Frequency division multiplexing is technologies that transfer multiple signals at one time over a single transmission path, for example cable or wireless. Every signal goes with its own unique frequency carrier which is modulated through the data text, voice etc.

Orthogonal Frequency division multiplexing spreads its spectrum that transmits the data over a high number of carriers that are slice up into different frequencies. This slicing   provides the “orthogonality” in the following technique which demodulates from the frequencies better from other. The Advantage of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, resiliency to RF interference, and lower multi-path distortion.

This is very useful because in broadcasting there are multiple like they transmitted signal arrives at the receiver using different paths having different length. OFDM is also called as multiple carrier or discrete multi tone modulation. This modulation technique is widely used in digital TV in Europe, Japan and Australia.

Uses OF OFDM:

DAB and ADSL are the most important forms of OFDM on the standard.

Wireless Local Area Networks (WAN): The communication is Point to Point using OFDM. 

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Introduction to Technical Seminar on High speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA):

HSDPA is 3^rd generation mobile telephony communication protocol in the HSPA (high speed packet access).It can support speed up to 7.2 megabit per sec. In real life we can receive speed up to 3 mega bits it’s very useful for mobile television users. If you want to use the HSDPA you have to buy a phone which can support speed of 3 megabit per sec and support different services with respect to WCDMA is wide code division multiple access provide physical channel which support high peak data rates. It increases transmissions of data with CDMA.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to encode the data which is on multiple carrier frequencies. It’s used in wide band digital communication (WDM) in wireless communication with copper wires (like: television and audio broad casting and 4^th generation mobile communication. The main advantage of OFDM in single carrier is to handle several channels but condition is that for suppose narrowband interference, attenuation of high frequency without filter. Orthogonality allow high spectral efficiency with nyquist rate (nyquist rate is the twice of the highest frequency).

High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA stand for):

OFDM packet access has very high speed and called as the successive part of HSDPA or HSUPA .It’s the 3^rd generation. The uploading and down linking is possible up to 1.25 Mhz to 20 Mhz bandwidth comparison with 5 MHZ usage power is possible WCDMA .HSPOA has different services like voice, high speed and other interactive application with large data transfer feature.

Although UMTS gives long with HSDPA and HSUPA provide high data transfer rates and wireless data usage  has competition from state of the art technology  including the WiMAX has forced the UTMS to build their network with the HSOPA that provides with largest data speeds, and spectral efficiency thus providing way for more features and extra functionality. The cost is very low for gradation to setting up a new network.

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Introduction to GSM Security and Encryption Seminar Topic:

The most popular and widely accepted standard is the GSM technology which stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. GSM is an open, digital cellular technology which is used to transmit mobile voice and data services. GSM is a globally implemented technology. At Bell laboratories in early 1970s, GSM was emerged from the idea of cell-based mobile radio systems.

GSM makes use of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique for transmitting signals with a combination of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technique. GSM has an ability to carry 64 Kbps to 120 Mbps of Data rates.

The most secure cellular telecommunication standard currently available is the “GSM system” with standardized security methods. The major step in achieving end-to-end security is because of radio channel, which provides confidentiality of a call and anonymity of the GSM user.  The use of temporary identification numbers provides anonymity to the users, and confidentiality of the communication is achieved using the encryption and frequency hopping techniques.

Subscriber identity confidentiality is ensured by the use of Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI). At first authentication and encryption procedures take place then TMSI is sent to mobile station, which in turn confirms the receipt of TMSI. The TMSI is valid only in the home location in which it was issued. For Communication outside home area, Location Area Identification (LAI) is needed along with TMSI for subscriber identity and confidentiality.

GSM Encryption

Encryption is the process of converting message from original form to an unreadable form. Decryption is the process of converting back the unreadable text to an original, readable form; Cryptography includes both encryption and decryption.

The major challenge in wireless network is the security when compared to wired network. The data in wireless communication can be easily eavesdropped.  The mobile users must connect to a mobile access point which is physically hidden, so there is no guarantee that the access point to which users are going to connect to is a trusted one. So security issues have to be addressed carefully over mobile wireless network communication. 

Cryptographic technique provides security to the information being exchanged over the communication. Many encryption algorithms have been deployed for this purpose.

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Cloud computing is a set of resources that are offered to the users through the network.   Here the term cloud represents internet or network. Cloud computing is one of the most popular technology in recent trends. The users can use any application or software which is available in cloud without the need of installing, thereby reducing the cost and storage space.

Cloud computing involves a centralized server which is going to store all the needed resources, and any number of clients can access the cloud to fetch the needed resource, and some software’s are available for pay-per-use basis. But this approach requires huge amount of energy, and this increases the “carbon footprint” of users and involves high computational cost. This is affecting our eco-system by increasing the amount of greenhouse gases which is measured in units of carbon dioxide (CO2). These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorocarbons are mainly responsible for increasing the earth’s temperature. So we need an eco-friendly green computing or carbon free computing Technology.

Cloud computing aims to design the next generation data centers by structuring them as networks of virtual services which includes – hardware, application logic, database, user-interface., so that users from different parts of the world can access and deploy applications on demand at reasonable costs depending on their QOS requirements.

Green computing is also termed as eco-friendly Green computing because it reduces hazardous materials like CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons), and promotes the use of recyclable materials and sustainable resources, and minimizes the use of non-biodegradable materials.

Green computing also saves energy and reduces computational cost. This is achieved by using a green scheduling algorithm, which powers down the servers when they are not in use.

The first results of green computing were standby mode function of computer monitors. After a pre-set period of time passes, if user activity is not found, then consumer’s electronic equipment would switch to a sleep mode function.

Some of the measures for reducing energy consumption in order to support greener computing are:

• Lower power hardware

Computers can be installed with lower power processor to use less electricity and passive cooling technique rather than energy consuming fans.

• Virtualization

Computer software’s can be used to simulate hardware. Instead of using many stand-alone physical servers, a virtual server can be used in replacement, which runs as software. Virtual servers are configured to appear as physical machines on their network. 

• Cloud computing

In cloud computing, software applications, data and artificial intelligence are accessed over the internet. Anyone can obtain the benefits of virtualization with the help of cloud computing. Companies can reduce carbon footprint by adopting cloud computing technology.

• Energy efficient coding

Energy efficient coding is an alternative approach to power saving. The main idea behind this is to save power by coding the software to make less use of the hardware, rather than running the same code on hardware that uses less power.

• Improved repair, re-use, recycling and disposal

Proper disposal of old computer equipment and hardware repair, the recycling of computer hardware, re-use of PCs components is an effective way to green computing.

• Less pollutant manufacture

Many hazardous chemicals are being used in manufacturing computers these include- lead, mercury, cadmium, beryllium, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The manufacturer should reduce the use of such harmful chemical substances thereby preventing people from being exposed to them. 

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Introduction to Self Configuration Of 4gnetwork Terminals MCA Seminar Topic:

Objective of 4G Network Terminals

It is to provide the mechanism for self configuration of receivers that operates in 4G network .It supports in highly heterogeneous communication. When we come across the generation of the mobile phones, they are 0th generation, First generation, Second generation, third generation and Fourth generation.  4G generation is IP based network it supports multiple access technologies

FEATURES OF SELF CONFIGURATION 4G NETWORK

Addresses auto configuration based on IPV6, There are three types of IP address auto configuration mechanisms: conflict-detection allocation, conflict-free allocation and best-effort allocation. Quality of Service in this the self management idea is taken by the autonomous computing is to improve the performance and the flexibility of the system. HANDOVER OF HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS, In 4g network users are in need of services of using the terminal of various networks it provides best network interface.

SELF CONFIGURATION FRAME WORK

• Users will own small networks in 4G networks, whose terminals will have heterogeneous interfaces and be mobile, thus increasing the dynamics and the  directions to solve the problem using a new framework that is able to adapt to emerging network contexts and meet the quality level. There are different module in the TMS they are Network Interface Adaptation Manager, Access Network selection Manager, Handover Manager, Intelligent Integrated Strategy Manager (IISM), User Preferences Default Configuration, Service configuration ,System monitoring  and watch dog. And the above network interface adaption is in the Media Access control and others are in higher layer.

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