Category: CSE Seminar Topics

Intel first integrated computing technology for wireless notebook PCs to connect without wires is Intel Centrino Mobile Technology. The main three components are,

1. Intel Pentium-M Processor
2. Intel 855 Chipset family
3. Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 network connection

Intel Centrino mobile Technology ensures fabulous mobile performance, integrated Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) capability and extended battery life in thinner and lighter notebooks.

Intel Pentium-M Processor

Codename : BANIAS

Intel Pentium-M Processor is capable to provide super performance with reduced power consumption.Its speed is about 900 MHz to 1.7 GHz. It merges CPU operations prior to execution to deliver more efficient performance and power management.400 MHz system bus remains off until it receives any data from chipset and those are turned on only when they are needed and this technology also increases efficiency of resource and power. It has 1 MB L2 cache and instructions and data caches are 32 KB in size in L1 cache. But cache runs slightly slower to increase power efficiency and to provide extended battery life.

Intel 855 Chipset family

Intel 855 Chipset family was designed to work together with Intel Pentium-M Processors. It has power optimized 400 MHz system bus which provides broader bandwidth for data transmission. It supports up to 2GB of DDR 266/200 MHz PC1600/PC1200 type main memory. It has integrated Intel Extreme Graphics 2 technology which provides 3D rendering acceleration and 2D hardware acceleration. It supports Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 with compatibility for USB 1.1. The latest implemented AC97 audio technology delivers high quality six channel full surround sound. It supports latest Microsoft DirectX and OpenGL technologies. It supports standard definition DVD quality encoding with reduced CPU resources.

Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 network connection

Codename : COLEXICO

It has integrated 802.11b Wi-Fi certified WLAN compatibility. So a notebook with Intel Centrino Mobile Technology can be easily connected to the internet wirelessly at hotspots. This type of notebooks can support network speed up to 11 Mbit/s.

 Download Intel Centrino Mobile Technology Seminar Report .

The deployment of Fourth Generation (4G) network is in under process. 4G networks will boost wireless communications with super speed (100 Mbit/s – 1 Gbit/s), ultra quality (high quality audio and high definition video) and higher security (strong encryption, decryption and filtering) beyond 3G (Third Generation) networks, but commercial deployment of 4G network may cause total replacement of 3G network and handsets (within 5 – 10 years). 4G network is approached to overcome the still remaining drawbacks of 3G network and to provide a large set of new facilities and services. 4G network will be fully IP based internet and4G network will have broader bandwidth than previous networks, thus 4G networks will be capable to provide higher data rate and faster access to large amount of data(text, picture, audio, video etc.).

Principal technologies required for 4G network are,

ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (OFDM)

The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides several advantages for physical layer and layer 2. Using OFDM, radio transmission can be optimized by providing a very secure and robust transmission in multipath environment without complexity. In addition with the help of OFDM modulation as a multiple access technology, data to or from several users can be transmitted through different sub channels. This technology will optimize resource allocation and usage of transmission link.

SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO (SRD)

Software Defined Radio (SRD) provides capability to implement multiband, multi standard base station and terminals. Using SRD operators can reconfigure the networks easily.

e.g.

 To increase network capacity operators can easily add several modems at a Base Transceiver Station (BTS).

SRD reduces development effort and costs.

MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT(MIMO)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology is used when signal multiplexing is required. Using MIMO technology signals transmitted from several antennas and these signals can be received by several antennas. Using MIMO, range and quality of the signal can be improved.

HANDOVER AND MOBILITY

The mobile IP technology has been considered for data and voice is the base of handover technology. In single frequency network handover technology is required. Mobile IP techniques are slow but acceleration can be done using hierarchical and fast mobile IP methods. But the main disadvantage of these techniques is capacity.

Download 4G Mobile Communication Seminar Report .

Introduction:

Smart quill is the one of the most important type of pen that can remember the words that can be used to write and helpful to transform the same words into the computer text. In this way Smart Quill is related to the computer.  It is absolutely related to the new millennium era. Smart quill is very different from digital pens and it is a fountain pen sized handheld computer. This is developed by Williams a scientist from Microsoft research laboratory. Smart quill can be said as the pen computer which was a working prototype.

Technical Specification:

• It has the Display Technology. We can display scrolls using the tilt sensors.
• It is capable of handwriting Recognition and Signature Verifications.
• Smart quill Displays the scrolls using the tilt Screen.
• The memory of Smart quills and the power is 4MB EEPROM and the capacity.
• The Communication with the other required devices.
• The power is

AAA Battery:  Anti Aircraft Arbitrary Battery

Size: 44.5mm Long and 10.5mm in diameter

Weight: 11.5gm.

Techniques:

There are two techniques that are very useful to use this:-

1)      The using the technology of Accelometres.

2)      Using of PIC-8 Microcontroller.

Working of Smart quills:

• It works with Tiny accelerometer

The two Types of Accelerometer Technology are as follows:

1)      2 axes-ADXL 202

2)      3 axes-tronic +/-2g.

ASSESTS:

The main Assets of Smart quill are as follows:

1)      The “Spatial Sensing” system

2)      The best Intuitive user interface.

3)      The important Assets is Security in Handwriting recognition and in Signature Verification.

4)      The 3D- Mouse

5)      Saving of Power

Conclusion:

• In future the Smart quill ensures all the computation power that the user needs to write insed the pen.
• Smart quills is the best option for the reducing the size of handheld computers.
• The estimated Cost of Smart quills is $200.

Download Smartquill Seminar Report .

Mobile AD-HOC Networks Literature Survey Seminar Report contains the description about the literature survey of the Mobile AD-HOC Networks. The project is basically being designed to overcome the drawback in the existing system. It also provides the easy and feasible way of data transfer through the mobile networks. This is done by implementing a algorithm which checks the efficiency of the networks based on the factors like link, connectivity and availability. These are the three most important factors for mobile network for the feasible transfer of data. The project has few modules such as Simulation Environment, Single neighbor set Routing, Dual Neighbor Set Routing, Comparison.

a.)    Single Neighbor Set Routing:

In this module the system sends the information based on the next single neighbor set information of the node in the virtual network. For implementing this module the .net class has been used.

b.)    Dual Neighbor Set Routing:

In this module the system sends the information based on the next Dual Neighbor Set

Information of the node in the virtual network as per the link availability.

c.)     Simulation Environment:

This module tells us about the environment been used to implement this module. The proposed system uses java environment for implementation. It contains the java class which creates a circular region or we can say a circle which is to be called as Node.

d.)    Comparison:

In this the system the whole comparison takes place on three main conditions and they are

link, connectivity, availability.

Proposed system is being designed with the help to java code. It uses the MANET’s broadcast protocol which aims on concurrent transmission between the nodes. The protocols check that there exists a link between the nodes if and only if the distance between them is less than the transmitter range. The proposed system efficiently broadcast the data based on self-pruning. This also helps us to maintain the link availability, address connectivity, and consistency. There are three efficient conditions for Quantum Cryptography. The first condition is to ensure the virtual connectivity network. The second condition is to eliminate the range difference for link availability. The third condition is to ensure the correct decision to be taken at every node in the network. The proposed system aims at providing a protocol which ensures the easy broadcast coverage. Also to add a new parameter to balance the broadcast ratio.

Download Mobile AD-HOC Networks Literature Survey Seminar Report.

A database is an organized collection of logically related data. It consists of 4 elements.

• Data items are the binary computer representations of the stored logical entities.
• Constraints are the predicates that the define correct states of database.
• Relationships which can explain the correspondence relation between the various data elements.
• Schema which explains the organization of data and the relationships within the database structure. 

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

In the year 1960 first database management system was introduced and usage of database is further evolved in next few years. Before database management systems are introduced there are problems with file processing systems

Definition of DBMS:

A database management system (DBMS) is a best collection of programs that enables the users to create and maintain the database. Basic functionalities of database management system is to manipulate, construction and defining database for different applications.

Role of DBMS:

The DBMS works like a mediator between the user and the database.  The database structure is the complete accessed itself is stored as a collection of files, and the way only  to access the data in those files is through the Data Base Management System.

Types of DBMS:

DBMS can support many different types of databases. But the classification according to the number of Users, the database locations and the expected type and extent of use.

1)      Single-user

2)      Multi-user.

COMPONENTS OF DBMS:

A database system is more than just data or data in combination with database management software.  A complete data system in an organization consists of four components:

1)      Hardware.

2)      Data.

3)      Software.

4)      People. 

ADVANTAGES OF DBMS:

The primary advantages are:

1)      Program data-independence

2)      Minimal data redundancy

3)      Improved data consistency

4)      Improved data sharing.

5)      Improved data accessibility and responsiveness.

6)      Improved data quality.

7)      Increased productivity of application development.

8)      Reduced program maintained.

9)      Providing back-up and recovery.

10)   Restricting unauthorized access

DISADVANTAGE of DBMS:

1)      Confidentiality

2)      Danger of a Over Kill.

3)      Data Quality.

4)      Data Integrity.

5)      Enterprise Vulnerability.

6)      Qualified Personnel.

7)      The Cost of Using a DBMS.

Download Introduction to Database Management Systems .

In day to day life the security of the data transferred through networks has become more important. The important message sending by army and many secrete agencies is done by various methods of encrypting algorithm and decrypting algorithm. This algorithm may be steganography, cryptography and many more. The paper contains the few details about Cryptography its algorithm and its types. This article tells us how cryptography is used to encrypt data and then decrypt data using various methods. Cryptography is basically the algorithm of sending the secrete message so that no unauthorized person cannot read the data. There are two types of cryptography method Classical cryptography and Quantum cryptography. Let us first learn few things about classical cryptography.

            Classical cryptography is also known as on-time pad method. It contains possible number plain text, possible number of cipher texts. Also key is used for encryption and decryption. The classical cryptography uses the mathematical way to send the secrete message. This becomes quite difficult to work with. Whereas quantum cryptograph yields solution to this in more efficient way.

            Bit is the most important representation in the computer. Here quantum system uses qubit representation of bits. Quantum cryptography is based on quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography proves its efficiency in transfer of data by providing the facility to detect the presence of third party in the network who want to disturb the message or data.  Quantum cryptography uses qubits since qubits dose not allow cloning of the bits during transfer and so that the data cannot be disturbed and the originality of the data is maintained. Lets us have a look at the protocols used in quantum cryptography.

a.)    BB84 Protocol.

b.)    Ekert Protocol.

c.)    Quantum bit Protocol.

d.)   BB84 Quantum Bit Protocol.

Quantum cryptography data transfer takes place through the optic fiber and this may sometimes lead to problems in traversing the data at longer distance. Thus quantum key works more efficiently between the computers which are directly connected to each other and not in the machines connected to each other through optic fibers. The other drawback of the quantum cryptography is the users using this algorithm are not able to authenticate each other.

Concluding this paper tells us that Quantum cryptography is provides the feasible and the appropriate way to transfer the data by maintaining its secrecy. Further developments will help us to transfer this data through long distance. 

Download Cryptography Seminar Report.

Objective:

The main idea behind XWiring is to provide a physical computing platform with sophisticated input and output board and environment which used java language for designing a programming microcontroller. XWiring is similar to microcontroller but provides hardware feedback through USB/Serial Port. XWiring transfers the software operation load to the software’s and the load is not been given to the microcontroller kit. All the machines can actually controlled by user using a personal computer. XWiring can be switched to various modes by it  giving simple command over the computer.     

Rs232 and USB interface are generally by XWiring to Communicate with the computer. XWiring very easily implements Data Acquisition system, Data logging system, Device interface, Hardware controller, Motor Controller, PWM Generator, etc.

It is capable of collecting the analog values from the various sensors like heat sensors, light sensors, etc. and send them to the place where the data is possibly stored. With the help of this stored analog data various graphs can be generated. To convert analog data to digital on-board ADC is used i.e, Analog to Digital converter. Few sample applications of the XWiring can be stated as Digital Signal Processing, Hardware Control Using PC, PWM Generation, Analog data Acquisition System, Electrical/Electronic Device control system using PC, Data Logger, Feedback System, Hardware Monitoring system.

The basic requirements of the XWiring are XWiring I/O Board, Serial Interface, USB driver and USB board, XWiring IDE(Java), the D-25 parallel interface.

Software Implementation of XWiring:

XWiring is a java based application designed to control XWiring board. This application helps us to switch the board in various pre-programmed modes like Motor Driver, Data Acquisitions systems, etc. It also contains some specially designed instruction set for XWiring which are also used to drive the board and it also allows the use of the user defined instruction to use the board. The instruction set  are so designed that the novice programmers can also design the program with ease. Lets go through an example.

Following woul be an program to toggle and LED on/off after every 100 milliseconds. The API would provide user function to control stepper Motor, DC Motor, relay LEDS, digital Device, PWM output etc.

Void main()

{              While(true)

{

setPin(5,ON);

delay(100);

setPin(5,100);

delay(100);

}

}               

Download Visualization Based Hardware Interface for Physical Computer .

The VLSI technology is the widely used technology but hardly anyone knows about it in depth. VLSI is mainly about the technology of combining the number of transistors based circuits into a single chip. Currently VLSI is combined with SDR technology to make the ease of use. This technology is used in mobiles phones. SDR is software defined radio. It is widely used in CDMA and CSMA technology. SDR in a technology which helps the device to tune to any bandwidth by using less hard ware.

In this documentation we will got through the basics about the VLSI and SDR technology. VLSI and SDR have been very helpful for the mobile companies to provide better service with combination of both as VLSI reduces size and price of the mobile and SDR increases the flexibility of the module. The technology used in day to day can be classified in two main types GSM (Global System For Mobile Communication) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).  These networks helps us in accessing various bandwidth but the problem with them is both simultaneously cannot be accessed from the same handset or same mobile phone at one time.

VLSI TECHNOLOGY:

VLSI is the previous stage of SSI and MSI. This include combining more and more logical device in smaller area. Particularly in this age of nano technology ease and simplicity plays important role. This can be done using VLSI and this requires more efficiency in areas like system architecture, logic and circuit design. A lot of study is required for implementation of VLSI.

Digital VLSI circuits are most CMOS based. The normal blocks like latches and gateways are mostly used but in different way. Lets go through some factors involved in this implementation.

a.)    CIRCUIT DELAYS:

Since this technology is combination of number of circuits in a small area it may cause delay in transfer of signals through this circuits.

b.)    POWER:

Since the number of circuits, latches and gateways are used it requires a lot of power consumption and this may cause the device to get heated at the surface.

c.)     LAYOUT:

As we all know that we have to fit 1000’s of circuits in a very smaller area there can be number of arrangements for this. The important thing here is how efficiently this 1000’s of circuits are arranged.

Applications of VLSI in communication system

The widely used VLSI today is classified into three main categories:

ANALOG:  It main consist of amplifier, data convertor and sensors.

APPLICATION OF  SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Due to many upcoming technologies manufacturing of IC’s has enabled to integrate number of circuits in small area.

SYSTEM ON CHIP: As we all know that VLSI is all about combining number of circuits so it is somewhere similar to a system on one chip.

SDR: SDR was been introduced to over some the problem of accessing the two technologies of GSM and CDMA on one handset. SDR works in two ways IDEAL and PRACTICAL CONCEPT. In IDEAL CONCEPT the digital processor reads the converter and its software and transforms the data to the required form.  And the PRACTICAL CONCET use the super heterodyne method to overcome this problem.  Its uses the mixer which lower the received frequency. This lowered frequency is then treated by ADC and then GSM and CDM can be used on same handset.

Hence, uses of this technology gives us advantages like lowering the package count, low board space, less board level connections, high performance and more reliability and lower the cost.

But this also has some disadvantages like this project can led to high risks, long fabrication time, lengthy designs, spiking problem, and leakage of Power

CONCLUSION: This documents helps us to conclude that VLSI can be used for communication as this would provide is use of two technologies on one handset.

Download VLSI In Communication System Seminar Report.

Cluster analysis is defined as the process of classifying objects of similar nature into groups called clusters.  The objects in the similar cluster will share a strong bond with each other but their association with objects in other cluster will be weak. Cluster analysis is done using algorithms. The division of this algorithms and the population density of objects in each cluster is done using trial and error basis. The parameters are tweaked and tested until a correct result is found.  The objects are distributed statistically in each cluster; results are found using data mining technique. Some groups may classify automatically but some has to be classified accordingly. We can distinguish an algorithm by its cluster. Some of the typical cluster models are connectivity, centric, distribution, density, subspace, group etc. The inter cluster relationship may be specified in cluster analysis in which clustering is roughly distinguished as hard and soft depending on the belonging object and which can be further divided into strict partitioning, hierarchical clustering etc.

Cluster validation is an important step in cluster analysis; it is the evaluation of similarity between two clusters.  Cluster analysis are used everywhere be it during public census, classification of species of animals and plants or similar diagnostic cases     . To run a good business, classification and clustering your work is as important as taking other managerial decisions

The main areas of usage of cluster analysis

• To analyze new thesis on origin of species
• For studying the market trends topology wise
• Forecasting the consumer behavior
• Optimization in production design
• The cure and treatment plan for various diseases
• Various astronomical theories and proposals
• Formulation of economic growth
• Dividing and classifying human genes
• Analyzing an area’s crimes and investigation

Though the cluster analysis may not give hundred percent accurate results, it would help in bringing down discrimination and chaos in many areas. 

Download Cluster Analysis PPT Seminar Report .