Car Parking System Python Project

The python program should make a car park where it’s a 8×9 grid using [square brackets], the parking space should be filled with colours, and letters to signify its availability and which type of car is parked. For example bikes, trucks, cars, sports cars… etc.

Objectives of the Project:

  • Here the car parking needs to be a code which will make a car parking area.
  • There should be red and green light to indicate if it’s vacant or occupied.
  • [square brackets] should be used to show each parking spot
  • Use different letters to show what kind of vehicle is in the spot. For example car, truck, bike, cycle..etc.

Source Code:

import colorama

from termcolor import colored

options_message = """
Choose:
1. To park a vehicle
2. To remove a vehicle from parking
3. Show parking layout
4. Exit
"""


class Vehicle:

    def _init_(self, v_type, v_number):
        self.v_type = v_type
        self.v_number = v_number
        self.vehicle_types = {1: 'c', 2: 'b', 3: 't'}

    def _str_(self):
        return self.vehicle_types[self.v_type]


class Slot:

    def _init_(self):
        self.vehicle = None

    @property
    def is_empty(self):
        return self.vehicle is None


class Parking:

    def _init_(self, rows, columns):
        self.rows = rows
        self.columns = columns
        self.slots = self._get_slots(rows, columns)

    def start(self):
        while True:
            try:
                print(options_message)

                option = input("Enter your choice: ")

                if option == '1':
                    self._park_vehicle()

                if option == '2':
                    self._remove_vehicle()

                if option == '3':
                    self.show_layout()

                if option == '4':
                    break

            except ValueError as e:
                print(colored(f"An error occurred: {e}. Try again.", "red"))

        print(colored("Thanks for using our parking assistance system", "green"))

    def _park_vehicle(self):
        vehicle_type = self._get_safe_int("Available vehicle types: 1. Car\t2. Bike\t3. Truck.\nEnter your choice: ")

        if vehicle_type not in [1, 2, 3]:
            raise ValueError("Invalid vehicle type specified")

        vehicle_number = input("Enter vehicle name plate: ")
        if not vehicle_number:
            raise ValueError("Vehicle name plate cannot be empty.")
        vehicle = Vehicle(vehicle_type, vehicle_number)

        print('\n')
        print(colored(f"Slots available: {self._get_slot_count()}\n", "yellow"))
        self.show_layout()
        print('\n')

        col = self._get_safe_int("Enter the column where you want to park the vehicle: ")
        if col <= 0 or col > self.columns:
            raise ValueError("Invalid row or column number specified")

        row = self._get_safe_int("Enter the row where you want to park the vehicle: ")
        if row <= 0 or row > self.rows:
            raise ValueError("Invalid row number specified")

        slot = self.slots[row-1][col-1]
        if not slot.is_empty:
            raise ValueError("Slot is not empty. Please choose an empty slot.")

        slot.vehicle = vehicle

    def _remove_vehicle(self):
        vehicle_number = input("Enter the vehicle number that needs to be removed from parking slot: ")
        if not vehicle_number:
            raise ValueError("Vehicle number is required.")

        for row in self.slots:
            for slot in row:
                if slot.vehicle and slot.vehicle.v_number.lower() == vehicle_number.lower():
                    vehicle: Vehicle = slot.vehicle
                    slot.vehicle = None
                    print(colored(f"Vehicle with number '{vehicle.v_number}' removed from parking", "green"))
                    return
        else:
            raise ValueError("Vehicle not found.")

    def show_layout(self):
        col_info = [f'<{col}>' for col in range(1, self.columns + 1)]
        print(colored(f"|{''.join(col_info)}|columns", "yellow"))

        self._print_border(text="rows")

        for i, row in enumerate(self.slots, 1):
            string_to_printed = "|"
            for j, col in enumerate(row, 1):
                string_to_printed += colored(f"[{col.vehicle if col.vehicle else ' '}]",
                                             "red" if col.vehicle else "green")
            string_to_printed += colored(f"|<{i}>", "cyan")
            print(string_to_printed)

        self._print_border()

    def _print_border(self, text=""):
        print(colored(f"|{'-' * self.columns * 3}|{colored(text, 'cyan')}", "blue"))

    def _get_slot_count(self):
        count = 0
        for row in self.slots:
            for slot in row:
                if slot.is_empty:
                    count += 1
        return count

    @staticmethod
    def _get_slots(rows, columns):
        slots = []
        for row in range(0, rows):
            col_slot = []
            for col in range(0, columns):
                col_slot.append(Slot())
            slots.append(col_slot)
        return slots

    @staticmethod
    def _get_safe_int(message):
        try:
            val = int(input(message))
            return val
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError("Value should be an integer only")


def main():
    try:
        print(colored("Welcome to the parking assistance system.", "green"))
        print(colored("First let's setup the parking system", "yellow"))
        rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))
        columns = int(input("Enter the number of columns: "))

        print("Initializing parking")
        parking = Parking(rows, columns)
        parking.start()

    except ValueError:
        print("Rows and columns should be integers only.")

    except Exception as e:
        print(colored(f"An error occurred: {e}", "red"))


if _name_ == '_main_':
    colorama.init()  # To enable color visible in command prompt
    main()

A Study on Small Business in Cloud Technology with reference to IT Industry

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Cloud technology can bring long-distance businesses to large global markets and improve their prospects. Contribute to a more commercially secure business environment; identify and raise awareness of security, regulatory, and legal considerations related to cloud computing adoption; and increase the confidence of small businesses in the use of cloud computing in particular, and the digital economy in general

Objectives of the project:

Project studies address these objectives:

1. Internationalization of small businesses in the era of cloud services.
2. Know the benefits of cloud technology for small businesses
3. Identify criminal, regulatory, and legal risks to small businesses caused by cloud computing.

Conclusions:

Based on the discussion of the answers received by the companies surveyed, it can be concluded as follows:

  • It can be concluded that companies are not very aware of the use of cloud computing, but some of them do use local and branded ERP. The concept of cloud computing is new to India and has not received momentum till now
  • Company Cloud servers are in different locations, data privacy and security are considered major threats for both types of manufacturing industries.
  • Legal action on data leaks by host companies and their uninterrupted access is a gray area for cloud steers to address.
  • Manufacturing companies have accepted that cloud applications are cheaper than ERP installed on construction sites and that the quality of service steers the cloud is considered superior. Surprisingly, SSI has interpreted that the implementation of IT-Solutions increases costs.
  • The majority of mid-scale industries voted in favor of Clousteer-IT improving overall business performance and enriching the bottom line, while small-scale industry respondents opposed this revolutionary step.

Download the A Study on Small Business in Cloud Technology with reference to IT Industry MBA IT Project Report.

A Study on Pricing Strategies and Its Impact on Customer Purchase

Customer preference is an important element for all businesses in most industries. The retail industry has several types of preferences depending on the product. This study was conducted to get a better understanding of the preferences and satisfaction levels of Chennai silks. Chennai Silks branch gives a variety of collections, varieties, brands, etc., people only predict the success or failure of my project.
After a thorough review of the related literature, a questionnaire was developed to determine customer preferences and satisfaction levels. The questionnaire was distributed to customers inside the showroom and around the Hosur area.
Statistical tools, including percentages, chi-squares, and ANOVA analysis, are used to identify customer preferences and satisfaction levels. Based on the analysis and interpretation, conclusions for this research are formulated.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Primary objectives:

Analyze pricing strategies and factors that affect customer preferences when buying.

Secondary objectives:

  • Determine customer buying behavior.
  • Define customer expectations.
  • Analyze advertising and promotional activities.
  • Monitor overall customer satisfaction.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

  • To calculate the proposed objectives, the questionnaire is designed for people
  • The scope of this project is up to the customer’s preferred study of Chennai silks, such as varieties, collections, quality, brands, services.
  • The scope of research is limited in Hosur and surroundings.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

  • Many respondents are not willing to fill out the questionnaire and few are in a hurry.
  • Another problem that I faced is that people are hesitant to give information about their views freely.
  • Surveys are conducted only in Hosur, so results may vary in other parts of the city.
  • Sample size is limited to 300.

CONCLUSION

A survey of people has been conducted to find out the preferences of Chennai silks. It is observed that all the people prefer to buy Chennai silk than others. It is concluded that most people prefer Chennai silks for its quality, service, and atmosphere. Some people tend to like to shop with varieties, brands, etc.
Therefore, it can be concluded from the collected facts that most people refer to buying large packages of clothing of their choice, and sometimes some opt for small packages with the family.

Download the A Study on Pricing Strategies and Its Impact on Customer Purchase MBA Marketing project report

Brand Building of Heinz Tomato Ketchup in organized sector of India

Title of the Project: Brand Building of Heinz Tomato Ketchup in organized sector of India

Statement of the problem:

Heinz ketchup brand couldn’t be established in Indian ketchup market. After being in segment for last 16 year it covers very small portion of market size. Customers are less aware of the brand as a result customer base is also very small; Brand positioning is not effective, availability is limited which are the hinders to develop the brand

Objectives of the study:

This project is to find the market limitations of HTK, market opportunity, consumer base expansion & way to establish the goodwill among the customers.

  • This Project is to find the market limitations of HTK,

  • Market opportunities, consumer based expansions and the way to establish the goodwill among the customers.

  • To identify the consumer needs.

  • To know the brand image HTK

  • To measure the brand image towards HTK

  • To know the consumer attitude and demand towards the brand HTK

Explanation of the Method:

Basic methodology of primary data. Sample survey on consumers. Sample size will be minimum 50

Questionnaire (10 to 15 questions)

1. Name
2. Age
3. Contact No
4. Gender
5. Which part of India you belongs to
6. What kind of ketchup user you are
7. How the following factors influence your purchase decision making
8. Which Brand do you use
9. How familier you are with Heinz Kethcup Brand
10. Do you use Heinz Ketchup
11. Rate your overall satisfaction with Heinz Tomato Ketchup
12. How much you are aware of Heinz 100% natural feature
13. Have you ever noticed Heinz Ketchup Advertisement campaign
14. How effective the Advertisement campaign on the following parameter
15. Please specify your level of satisfaction of Heinz Ketchup on following parameters
16. Do you believe Heinz offers 100% Natural Ketchup
17. Are you ready to pay premium for 100% natural Ketchup
18. Would you try Heinz Ketchup

Chaptalization Scheme:

1. Heinz Tomato Ketchup overview
2. Ketchup market overview- Market size 1000 Cr
3. Major Brands in Product category
4. Market segmentation
5. HTK market share & opportunities
6. Marketing &Trade marketing
7. Distribution Expansion
8. Brand Positioning
9. Consumer Development
10. SWOT analysis
11. Brand Building
12. Data Analysis & Interpretation
13. Findings, Suggestions & Conclusion

Brand Auditing of Maruti in the Segment of Hatch Back Cars

The present study is aimed at understanding the Brand audit and preference towards Maruti Swift and Wagon R. The study is conducted to know brand preference for Maruti Swift and Wagon R. Both Descriptive and Exploratory Research has been used. This research is Descriptive in Nature partly because a well-structured questionnaire is used by taking the sample from  100 respondents for collecting primary data and  Exploratory by collecting secondary data using books, journals and other text material.

As the other competitors are entering the market with variant models with stylish designs and colors. There is the scope and potential for Maruti Swift and Wagon R to capture each segment with the majority of share by studying the behavior of the consumers at regular intervals with utmost perfection and coming up with solutions that enhance customer loyalty and satisfaction. It is suggested to the company to improve the sales of the product by increasing the brand image. It is also suggested that to improve the design, advertisements, and features of the product. Further, it is suggested to Maruti Swift and Wagon R come out with better promotional strategies in order to gain a considerable market share.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

  • To study the brand preference towards Maruti Swift Cars.
  • To Study the brand preference towards Maruti Wagon R Cars.
  • To do a comparative study between the branding strategies and performance of Maruti Swift and Wagon R cars based on brand auditing.
  • To know the factors that influence in buying the Maruti swift and wagon R Cars.
  • To come out with suitable suggestions that may help in improving the brand preference of both the brands.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The study focuses on the brand auditing of hatch back cars with a special focus on the Maruti Swift and Wagon R cars. The scope of the study is limited to the brand performance and preference of both brands. The study relies both on primary and secondary information related to the topic under study. The marketing variables will be considered understudy while studying brand auditing. The period of 45 days will be considered for the study.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research Design:

  • The Research Design used in this Research is Descriptive and Exploratory Research.
  • This research is Descriptive in Nature partly because a well-structured questionnaire is used for collecting detailed research using a Questionnaire.
  • It is also exploratory as preliminary level research is to be conducted using Secondary data on the subject in hand.

 SAMPLE DESIGN:

Sampling Procedure:

 The Sampling Procedure used is Area Sampling.

Sampling Units:

All the consumers who have purchased Maruti Swift and Wagon R  form part of the Sampling units.

Sampling Frame:

The population for the study consists of Maruti Swift and Wagon R owners which were collected from the visiting Customers and the staff working in the showrooms.

Sampling Size:

The Sample Size taken for the study is 100 separately for  Maruti Swift and Wagon R.

 DATA COLLECTION SOURCES:

Primary Data:

The primary data was collected by Conducting Survey about the Consumer buying preference for Maruti Swift with the help of a structured Questionnaire in such a way that it was easily understood by the respondents.

The following is the list of dealers in Hyderabad from which data has been extracted:

Secondary Data:

The data was collected from various websites, the company’s literature, the Journal of Marketing, Automobile magazines, Articles from Business Newspapers like the Economic Times, Business Line, and other publications related to the subject under study. 

DATA ANALYSIS:

The Data analysis was done by using various data tools such as cross-tables, Charts, Graphs, and Percentages.

The study is aimed at finding out the consumer’s opinion towards Maruti Swift and Wagon R. The study would reveal the intensity of the gap between the company’s deliverance and the consumer’s expectation. The revelation of the study would keep the company informed about the consumer’s Buying Behaviour towards the four-wheeler segment and try to come up with solutions to the problems faced during purchasing and post-purchasing of Maruti Swift and Wagon R.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

  • The Research was conducted in Hyderabad City only.
  • The study is limited to Wagon R and Maruti Swift.
  • The sample size was limited to 100 respondents.
  • The views and purpose of respondents may change.
  • The Duration of the project is limited to approximately 45 days.

A Study of Cash Flow Analysis of Pharma Companies in India

The present study examines the Cash flow analysis of Pharma Companies during the period of 5 years. Financial ratios are applied in measuring the Cash flow performance and statistical as well as econometric techniques are employed in order to assess the behavior of the selected ratios. The study is done using the Balance sheet, Profit and loss account, and other financial information of the Pharmaceutical sector.

The analytical tools used for the study are ratio analysis and ANOVA for the five Pharmaceutical Companies. The financial information obtained was analyzed using the appropriate techniques and it was found that the Cash flow analysis level decreased in the year 2019 to compare the past years. The reason behind this is decreasing in inventories, sundry debtors, cash, and bank balance. The company liquidity ratio is more than the ideal ratio which shows that the company has no liquidity problem. The current Ratio was increasing and decreased from the year 2016-2020 the ratio was equal to the ideal ratio in the current year which shows the liquidity position of the company’s goods. Ideally, the quick ratio should be 1:1.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

In general, analysis of Cash flow analysis trends, the relationship of Cash flow analysis to sales, liquidity of Cash flow analysis, analysis of the management of components of Cash flow analysis, and the management of Cash flow analysis and working capital finance of five Pharma Companies in five years from 2016 to 2020.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

To study the Cash flow analysis of the Pharma Companies.
To study the Current assets to total assets of the Companies.
To Analyze the Quick ratios of the Pharma Companies.
To analyze the Current  assets  and  sales Position  of the Companies
To provide suitable suggestions to improve the Cash flow position in the Company.

 METHODOLOGY:

The study is undertaken to study the analysis of Cash flow analysis and working capital requirements of Selected Pharma Companies such as Dr. Reddy’s, Cipla, Aurbindo Pharma, Sun Pharma, and Ranbaxy for Five years.

PLAN OF ANALYSIS:

The data is analyzed from the Financial statements of the Five selected Pharma Companies using  Ratio and ANOVA.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

The secondary data was collected from the Pharmaceutical sector
The Study is limited to the Cash requirements of Pharma Companies

Studying the effective use of SAP-SRM Tool in Automobile Companies in Hyderabad

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

The purpose of the study is to know the effective use of the SAP-Supplier Relationship Management module which draws on the wider knowledge and procurement skills that are being used in Automobile Companies. The study will also help in consolidating the vital procurement activities of the SAP Supplier Relationship Management module by procurement managers, functional experts, and key users within the  Procurement and demand management departments of the Client which will help.

The Study is undertaken to find out the effective use and application of the SAP-SRM Tool in Automobile Companies. The study will also throw light on understanding e-procurement problems and measures taken to implement SAP-SRM Tool effectively.

 Objectives of the study:

  • To study the use of  SAP-SRM Tool in Automobile Companies.
  • To assess the SAP-SRM Tool software tools used by  Automobile Companies in Hyderabad.
  • To find the problems in E-procurement activities in Automobile Companies.
  • To know the effectiveness of   SAP-SRM Tool in solving E-procurement problems in Hyderabad.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The study focuses on studying the effective use of the SAP-SRM Tool in Automobile Companies in  Hyderabad. The study will help in studying the problems associated with developing, Managing, and applying of SAP-SRM Tool.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

 1) Research Design: 

  • Sampling frame: 
  • Sample size: 
  • Sampling Method: 
  • Sample Units: The staff working in the Procurement department of five selected Automobile Companies such as Nissan, TATA Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Toyota & Hyundai will form part of the Sampling units.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

  1. Primary data: Under Descriptive research design primary data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire that contains questions satisfying the objective of the Study. For this study Questionnaire was prepared.
  2. Secondary data: Under Exploratory Research, Secondary Data was collected from Journals, Textbooks, Websites, and Newspapers Articles will form part of the secondary data.

 DATA ANALYSIS:

Data collected from 100 respondents were analyzed through Tables, charts, and graphs and by using a suitable scale. 

Consumer Attitude towards Online Retailing in Hyderabad

MOTIVE OF THE STUDY:

  • To Study the Consumer attitude towards online retailing in Hyderabad.
  •  To identify opportunities and the interest of young urban Consumers towards online retailing transactions for their daily needs.
  • To identify the potential challenges faced by online retailers in Hyderabad.
  • To develop an effective and efficient strategy for addressing the problems of Online retailing. 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

  1. To study the consumer preference towards e-retailing in Hyderabad
  2. To know the factors that influence young urban Consumers to do e-retailing
  3. To find out the problems faced by young consumers in purchasing online retail products.
  4. To come out with suitable solutions for making e-retailing an effective tool for buyers

 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

At present, there is a lot of demand for online purchasing. The present study will focus on the purchasing behavior towards e-retailing and finding out suitable solutions to make purchasing more interesting and was a torch bearer for future researchers and e-retailing companies can benefit from the such survey. The scope of the study is limited to the young urban Consumers who do a lot of e-retailing and are restricted to Hyderabad city only by surveying 100 respondents. 

CONCLUSION

The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the buying behavior of customers online and determining the factors influencing their buying behavior. The study aims to find out the significance of e-retailing in the current scenario and the resulting change in purchase behavior. It also brings out the major factors that make customers prefer e-retailing to traditional shopping.

The study is done in Hyderabad. The first-hand information required for the study was collected through the questionnaires which were distributed to the respondents and taken back. The entire study is based on the hypothesis that functional factors, psychological factors, and content factors have a significant relationship with the buying behavior of online customers. Charts and tables were used to analyze the data given by respondents and also to test the hypothesis.

From the study, it is found that the above-mentioned factors are significantly associated with online buying behavior. It was also found that the factors like ordering the product, paying off it online and the post-purchase services have much influence on buying behavior. Apart from these factors, the product features and the promotional offers influence the consumers a lot.

It is suggested to online sellers increase the accessibility of the products and boosts the confidence of the customers in making online transactions. Consumers are still afraid of transaction problems and the misuse of their personal details. Online sellers should put more concentration on these factors in order to increase customer traffic. Only then, they can be able to grow and compete effectively.

Impact of Integrated Inventory Management Strategies on the Effectiveness of Business Performance

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The scope of study is divided into two different aspects, firstly the geographical scope and second is the conceptual scope. The geographical scope of the study confines to the Inventory Management mechanisms in Hyderabad business environment and conceptually it confines to the Integrated Inventory Management and their impact on Vendor satisfaction.  Geographical scope further confines to Pharmaceutical Companies in Hyderabad.

OBJECTIVES   OF THE STUDY:

The main research objectives are defined as under:

  • To understand the impact of Integrated Inventory Management strategies on the effectiveness of Business performance with special reference to Pharmaceutical Companies
  • To assess the impact of Integrated Inventory Management on the satisfaction levels of Vendors of Engineering items in   Pharmaceutical Companies
  • To explore the concepts and practices associated to Inventory Management at Pharmaceutical Companies.
  • To understand the relevance of theoretical aspects to practical implementation in improvising the productivity in an organization with regard to Inventory Management.

HYPOTHESES:

Hypothesis 1:

Null Hypothesis H0: inventory Management has a direct implication to business organizations in enhancing their operational efficiency

Alternative Hypothesis H1: inventory Management has no implication to business organizations in enhancing their operational efficiency

Here, null hypothesis is accepted.

All the variables show a significance association with overall satisfaction with Inventory management strategy and its impact on Business performance. Hence we can conclude that there is a direct implication of inventory Management on the business organization in enhancing its operational efficiency. 

Research Question

On the basis of the research objectives developed above, the main research question of this research study is developed. The research question is drafted as to what extent the Integrated Inventory Management has been supportive to enhance the operational efficiency of business organisation. The research study also seeks to provide answers to the following sub-research questions:

This research question is well defined and useful to provide a clear, direct path to the research work in order to achieve its aim and objectives in the most successful way.

Research Hypothesis

In this context, the main hypothesis for the following research study is defined and developed as under:

Null Hypothesis H0:  Integrated Inventory Management has a direct implication to business organizations in enhancing their operational efficiency

Alternative Hypothesis H1: Integrated Inventory Management has no implication to business organizations in enhancing their operational efficiency 

DATA COLLECTION

Primary Data: The primary data is collected from among the staff working in Inventory Management divisions at Pharmaceutical Companies Hyderabad with the help of questionnaire using 5 point Likert scale.

Secondary Data: The secondary data is collected from selected texts and Journals.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

 The Research design used for this study is partly descriptive in nature using secondary data and partly Exploratory in the form of primary data.

SAMPLE DESIGN:

a) Sampling Technique

Random Sampling technique and Area sampling was used for collecting data related to Integrated Inventory Management from   among the staff working in logistics and procurement division of engineering instruments in Pharmaceutical Companies.

b) Sample Size: Sample size is limited to 100 from among the employees working in Pharmaceutical Companies

c) Sample units: The staff involved in Inventory Management activities of Pharmaceutical Companies form part of the sample units.

 The staff working in Procurement department of five selected Pharmaceutical Companies such as Dr Reddy’s Lab, Mylan Pharma,Hetero Drugs, Aurbindo Pharma & MNS Laboratories Pvt Ltd  formed part of the Sampling units.

d) Sampling frame: The sampling frame is taken from Hyderabad based Pharmaceutical Companies Company.

A study on Equity Analysis with reference to Selected IT Companies

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:  

The study covers all the information related to the Equities it also covers the risk and returns in IT industry. The study is confined only one Sector i.e IT industry and the entire study is based upon their Stock prices for a period of last two years. The present study attempts to analyze the risk and return in the IT industry in the current scenario and attempts to give a well understanding to the investors regarding the investment in this industry.

 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

  • To observe the rate of fluctuations in equity share prices of IT industry.
  • To determine the amount of risk & returns involved in the securities of IT industry.
  • To observe the degree of volatility in IT industry.
  • To understand the price fluctuations & the factors influencing the fluctuations of IT industry. 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The Scope of the study confines to the risk and return analysis and price fluctuations in respect of the equity share prices of the major IT companies traded in the stock exchange for a one year period. The study aims to find out the factors influencing prices of the IT stocks.

Conclusion

The Study on Risk and Return Analysis of equity shares in IT industries was undertaken with an objective of getting an insight into the concept of investments, the risks and the returns involved. The study aims to determine the risk involved in the investments and the factors affecting the risk. The other objectives of the study are to observe the rate of fluctuations and the degree of volatility of the selected industries.

The study is confined to the IT sector and analyzed four companies – TCS, WIPRO, HCL INFOSYSTEMS and INFOSYS. The data of the only one sector – TCS, WIPRO, HCL INFOSYSTEMS and INFOSYS are collected.