IPhone is outstanding when comparing to other smart phones in terms of technology form the case studies based on metrics we can know various contrast and differences of other smart phones.

This study also gives additional information that more than 85% of the IPhone customers in USA utilise this for reading daily news and other data from websites. But when we came across the other smart phones only 13% use for mobile internet for reading daily news and surf other information. And the other important point in the study gives that 60% of the IPhone customers Google through IPhone but with other smart phones6% is only possible.

There is also big difference in usage pattern when it is matched in with other smart phones users. Now we will discuss about the additional features which are exclusive to IPhone customers these may be the reason mobile internet to a high level. It clearly makes a mark that the big screen on the IPhone is one of the advantage as it is easy to view the information and high technology design  gives the customer more comfort  these are the main reasons out of many reasons which are simple.

When we come to find the customer experience regarding the mobile phone screen is explained in detail in the graph given below it explains us how much the screen should be in percentage form. In 1980’s it was just 10% but it now is raised to 90% from this we came to know that iPhone uses extreme technology as we can see single button on the front and remaining is screen.

In this section the discussion is not only limited to the functionality comparison of the hardware used in the smart phones. The discussion is continued while comparing the operating systems used in the phones and the discussion about the leading varieties of platforms that are available in the current market is also done.

The main aim of this section is to discuss about the significance of the iPhone and at the same time to decide the variations in features that are provided by the other phone available in the market. Initially mobile phones are in use and that usage is developed with the usage of the smart phones and this development is caused because of the concentration is applied on the software rather than on the hardware while developing them.

This indicates that according to the requirements and interests of the users they can install several applications in their phone as similar to that they can do in the personal computers. There are several operating systems that are utilized in the smart phones that are available in the market and they are BlackBerry OS4.7, Android Cupcake, S60 5^th edition, iPhone OS 3.0, Windows Mobile 6.5 and Palm WebOS.

These operating systems are briefly discussed below to make clear comparisons:

• BlackBerry OS4.7: This operating system is developed by the Research in Motion RIM and this is used in the smarts phones of BlackBerry and these devices are based on java applications. The developers of these phones uses java as the programming language and they also have BlackBerry JDE plug-in and this provided for them to eclipse that will also adopt the APIs, they are also provided with the “signing authority devices” and “Smart phone simulators”.
• Android Cupcake: This is a new operating system which is developed basing on Linux. In this operating system among the software one part is open source and the other part is released with the license of “Apache license 2.0”. The basic application of android is developed by Google and the developers of this operating system have Android SDK and this will provide the required APIs and tools for the development of applications of the android OS. For the development of this platform java is selected as the programming language.
• S60 5^th Edition: This operating system is based on Symbian and this application is used in the phones of Samsung, Nokia, and Sony Ericson etc.  In order to make the programming using this OS more flexible, the developers will make use of one among the programming environments that are provided and they are java ME, Flash Lite, Open C, P.I.P.S., Python, Symbian C++, .NET or Ruby.
• IPhone OS 3.0: This is a UNIX based operating system which is also based on operating system X. The developers of this operating system are provided with SDK which has the required APIs. They also have developing environment. Objective-C is the programming language used.
• Windows Mobile 6.5: This operating system is based on windows and the developer of this OS will be provided with a separate developer toolkit and SDK. As a necessary requirement the user has to purchase the Visual Studio as the development environment for developing these windows based mobiles. C++, VB and C# are the programming languages used for developing this operating system.
• Palm WebOS: This operating system is introduced by Palm as its next generation operating system and this based on LINUX. The developer is provided with a SDK and Traditional HTML is used for the development of native applications required and the web applications are developed using the JavaScript and CSS. The programming of the applications is done by the web development tools and these tools are installed directly on the device and executed directly.

                  All the operating systems that are discussed above have their own advantages and disadvantages and the main aim of this discussion is to provide some awareness on the features provided by the smart phones available in the market. The features available in different variety of phones are based on the operating systems used. 

When we discuss about S60,Android cupcake, windows mobile6.5 and palm web OS are outstanding.All the domains can easily acclimatize multitasking but it is not fit for IPhone OS.Though apple discussed about this multitasking in OS 3.0 itself it is not implemented hence it continues the previous process  i.e. one system should be completed to open the other application  we can see multi touch parallel in blackberry,iPhone, android and palm all of them are capacitive. When we look at third party side apple is excellent as it maintains a store called appstore.

It steps into business platform by introducing the new system i.e. adding software into their project. This makes the programmer a money maker in short time which is big revolution in the industry. Before every application to be signed in it should pass all the controlling techniques for its release into app store. This step is revolutionary in industry as it is followed by every other company coming to OS it is difficult to say which is the best.

There are many factors reside when the customer look towards IPhone. We can calculate smart phone market today it considers all the devices which brings sophisticated technology to the customers as they are not looking for best software. We cannot expect the future improvements will lead to but every one is certain that it is in the initial stage.

Aim: To evaluate the development in mobile applications generations with respect to Apple Company and beyond technologies developed 

Objectives

• To critically review the mobile application generation history and different technologies introduced with respect to this
• To review the key successful factors that made Apple as the market leader with respect to mobile applications
•  To evaluate the performance of Apple with comparison to the key competitors in terms of Operating system and software applications introduced
•  To evaluate the statistics in terms of the successful and unsuccessful implementations of the mobile application introduced by Apple in comparison with the competitors
•  To compare the key success and failure factors of Apple with the competitors in terms of mobile application generation and draw the required conclusion and evaluate the future work. 

Research design 

Case study approach can be considered as best method of collecting the primary information to proceed with the required research on the problem considered. Logical and depth analysis of a problem can be done using the case study approach and case study process can be considered as the best way of collecting the information in a qualitative method of research.

Direct communication to the problem and corresponding solutions can be fetched easily using the case study approach of research method. Additional information gathered from different researches done previously can be easily applied on the problem considered at the case study stage and the researches can add their own understandings to the primary information collected using the case study considered.

Once the required case study is finalized, now the researcher can gather the accurate and genuine information directly with the help of personal interviews, semi structured interviews through some questioners and interpret the opinion of different participants involved in the interview process. Economic and few ethical feasibility constraints should be considered in prior to selecting the required case study.

To proceed with this research Apple is considered as the case study and the required source of information is gathered using the secondary source of information. Secondary source of information is gathered from sources like websites, mobile technology articles, journals and academic publications. All the required information against the aims and objectives of this research is gathered from these resources and the corresponding information is evaluated and reviewed to understand the successful factors that made Apple a successful mobile technology leader in the market. Different mobile technologies implemented across the Apple are reviewed using the secondary information and the comparison is done against the beyond technologies implemented after the era of Apple.

Ethical issues

Plagiarism

I won’t copy the material from different sources and make sure all the work presented in the project is of my own and will provide proper references in case, if I take the work from any other sources.

Human Involvement

As the information gathered for this research is only from the secondary sources, there is no human involvement in this project.

Resource requirement

• Articles
• Journals
• Access to ACM digital library
• Websites and published content

Project Plan

Task	Start date	End date	Duration
Project Introduction			2 weeks
Literature Review			3 weeks
Research methodology			2 weeks
Research findings and analysis			4 weeks
Conclusion and future work			1 weeks
Final thesis preparation			2 weeks

Contents

• Introduction
• Real time scenario for security authentication implementation
• Problem statement
• AIM
• Objective
• Rationale
• Literature
• Security Requirements
• Why there is need of Security Authentication is required in Wireless sensor Networks?
• Disadvantages of the system which exists already
• Cryptography and RSA Algorithm
• RSA Algorithm
• Comparing RSA with other algorithms
• Research Methodology
• Questionnaire method
• Waterfall model
• Project Plan
• Bibliography

Problem statement:

Wireless sensor nodes made up of multi functions such as the wireless communication, WSN is not built with security mechanism, due to this wireless applications suffers various type of  attacks   such as the MINM, Dos ,identity of theft, injection of packets,malicious,etc. Because of the no security mechanism in the WSN that causes easy attacks on wireless communication applications. So in order to protect form the various threats in WSN, provide secure routing between the nodes by use of the cryptography technique which provides strong security authentication.

AIM:

The main aim of this Security Authentication for Wireless Sensor Networks Project is to provide secure routing between the sensor nodes of WSN by use of the RSA algorithm which enables the strong authentication for packet transmission in wireless sensor networks.  The design of WSN and RSA algorithm implementation was done in opnet modular.  

Objective:

The Specific Objectives of the project are:- 

1. Literature review about various types of WSN attacks, security requirements for WSN and research on cryptography algorithm such as RSA

2. Back ground approach of existing security routing protocols of WSN

3. Evolution on Implementation of RSA algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks by use of the OPNET modular.

4. Comparison of different kind of cryptography algorithms with RSA algorithms

5.Performance evolution of  RSA algorithm  based on the various Scenarios

Rationale

Literature:

This section explains the about the wireless sensor network attacks, and specific requirements in order to provide strong authentication for wireless sensor networks. This section also deals with the why the security authentication is required for wireless sensor networks, disadvantage of the existing security protocols for wireless sensor network. This also explains about the RSA algorithm based on the public key cryptography technique and also tells about the comparison of the different cryptography algorithm with the RSA algorithms. This section also about the why did RSA algorithm is suitable    for WSN.

Due to the wireless nature WSN is prone to different kind of attacks. Various type of the attacks are define to the sensor networks, the most common type of attacks includes denial of service(Dos), Message injection,MINM or node capture ,reply attack, cipher-text collision and traffic analysis.

It detect the corrupted nodes characteristics which are exist in the network but consume resource because of the deploy of the WSN networks. This provide cryptography security authentication. 

Research Methodology 

Overview:

Here we need to the approach of quantitative method all the data is collected in theoretical way of Corse no calculations can be used and we need to evaluate the other way called the quantitative way it need to be collected in the values (numbers) so now the result can be executed

Let’s discuss about the work about t e quantitative approach .it surrounds and involves all the respondents and contact’s all the respondents it gives all the services and its consider in this situation its gathers all the data from high resources all the researchers follow they own domain these applications need’s skills like narrating the results the quantitative all the data can be collected using various resources

Questionnaire method: 

It’s a very expensive method to collect all the data from the three resources it’s a very secured way to collect all the data from the respondents its has potential to collect the data with some special components which are involved in to explain in the clear way by seeing all the graphs can be related to the various users of the WSN it has the multiple steps to being the process of the interpretation results break all the aspects of the design now let’s focus on the objective research in the next step of the execution of the all the samples need to be tested in the complex methods not to get confused here all the respondents should be quite clear about the closed format so that they easily answer your questions it the present scenario it  collects data from the rsa,WSN and the open the tools of the opnet involves of the care that need to be taken it looks as cool as that which might make a gradually change in the different aspects of emails collect all the data from that which can be counted as the displaces of the OPNET.

 Data Types:

The entire collection of the can be collected using the primary research the primary research is called first research from the resources then its collects the entitle information of the first research of the data gets all the responses by survey, research all the tasks can be involved easily in the way of the users use it in the different fields try to spend time on the to get some valuable rich of because it can’t get free for the any cost its most expensive spend time on the data money we can rely on the data don’t rely on the primary research of the entire they provide the valuable results of this method.          

Secondary data:

 All the data that’s available in the it has to been in the news papers or the journals of the news paper the internet and its valuable up to the certain level compares all the data this data can be researched in the source which are highly unimportant for the users and these sources not being used in this case of the model.

Waterfall model:

The water fall model 1970, Winston W. Royce was been designed the model is explained below in the diagram this is been specially designed for the software development the output of the of the first will be the input of the second step .They have proposed different models but this model has been the top model.

In this special research we need to analyse the project .In the OPNET we need to discuss about the DSA application because the related that has to collected from this application .This water model is like a life cycle model this is been mainly focused on my project .The water cycle model has four steps these steps are system design requirements analysis ,coding the implementation ,deployment and the maintained and need to test the integration of the analysis .This has been mainly involved in the software development its has been effective and the old model it has developed in the both hardware and the orientation (The Waterfall Development Methodology)

Requirements: All the data gathers and requires the special artefact all these are the indentified in this first stage of the cycle. Special requirements are not used in the first stage of the cycle. For this project specific requirements simulator such as the OPNET modular16, and c++objects, vm ware software operating system windows, tools used to display the graphs by use of the x-graph.

Designing: The structure of the product is designed and all the documents will give clear idea regarding the development that which are highly essentials at the each and every stage.

This project is design in the OPNET modular 16 simulators, topology of the network designed based on the star and ring topology, Node movements in the simulator random motion with speed of 2mbs.   The Nodes are placed in the topology with distance of the 8m each other. Nodes are designed such way that movement nodes within the boundaries if the node movement unboundaries which means out of the area, then that nodes breaks the communication links.

Implementation:

 All the code it is the actual stage all the simulation is used to execute the outputs as the artefact that can be obtained. This project coding is done by use of the c++ code, each node is configured with routing protocols DSDV (distance vector) and RSA algorithm is implemented by use of the public-key cryptography which means key is generated based on the large numerical number (N). Encryption of the message in RSA is done by use of the public key this converts to the cipher text.  Decryption in RSA is done by use of the private key technique. All the sensor nodes are implemented with the wireless channel communication, anteena type used Omni antenna. Nodes are implemented with two ray propagation model.

Verification:

The entire cycle model has to be tested properly without errors and the modify the document to analyse the cycle. Sensor network destination nodes received the packet by verifying of the message after decryption of cipher text the message which compares to the plain text of the original message if both are matches then the authenticated message is received. If the mismatch occurs the message dropped by the receiver at the wireless sensor networks 

Maintain: Modify the products which can be identified to test the case studies of the document that has been produced in this scenario. 

Implementation                                                                                   

To implement the proposed Pre-DFT Processing for MIMO-OFDM Systems with Space-Time-Frequency Coding Project, a MIMO-OFDM system is considered and the number of sub carriers would be 64 across the OFDM symbol. Length of the guard interval would be 12 and few basic assumptions like four receiver antennas at the receiver end and four transmission antennas at the transmitter is taken. A quasi static channel is considered and the channel information is perfectly available at the receiver. 

Expected outputs 

Following concepts are covered and the expected outputs would in the range of 

• BER performance of the proposed system across the space time frequency code over a six-ray exponential decays Rayleigh fading. .
• BER performance of the proposed scheme with space-time-frequency over a two-ray equal gain Rayleigh fading channel 

Software: MATLAB 7.4

Weighting coefficient calculation algorithm

• a) what is weighting coefficient calculation algorithm
• b) total theory about it.
• c) how to calculate weighting coefficient algorithm in step by step procedure
• d) what is its importance
• e) how it is important to our project
• f)  how many types of weighting coefficient algorithms are there. wat are they.
• g) Which type is used in our project?

Task 

Your task is to design and simulate a multi-site network for a small company – including a report on the network design 

Scenario: Use the scenario about the ‘Goyal Fabric Company’ used on assignment 1 of this unit (see Appendix 1). 

 Stage 1: Enter and simulate the Goyal Fabric Company as Company Headquarters (HQ) 

Stage 2: Expand the Goyal Fabric Company scenario, explaining your assumptions in a report, adding TWO additional buildings that are branches of the company at remote locations. For example: 

Goyal Fabric Company (HQ) – Bournemouth (including Operations and IT Dept)

Design Office – Manchester

Sales Department – London 

Users 

Goyal Fabric Company has outlined the following guidelines, make your own further assumptions and document them in the report. 

• Users at Bournemouth HQ, as described in the original scenario
• IT support at HQ need direct access to the entire network
• About 50 employees in the Manchester Design Office need access to their own local server
• Several wired workstations in the Sales Department at London for ‘hot-desking’
• Access for 50 mobile laptops used by Sales people who visit their office in London
• A server is needed for the Design office, and two for the Sales Department are located at HQ
• The connection to the Internet is via HQ with address 198.198.1.1
• A Web server is needed as in the original scenario 

Design Guidelines 

Design and document suitable logical and physical arrangements for the Goyal Fabric Company network: 

1. Departments should each be on VLANs connected at routers
2. Sites should be connected over WAN leased lines (HDLC or PPP), or over Frame Relay.
3. Enable MAC address port security on LANs
4. Enable authentication on WANs for security
5. Bournemouth HQ should have a redundant switched network for resilience
6. Default route to the Internet should be connected at HQ (propagated with OSPF to the other sites)
7. DHCP, NAT,/PAT and ACLs are needed. 

Guidelines on Security Policy 

1. HTTP access only for all sites to the Internet via HQ
2. All other protocols should be denied Internet Access
3. All internal PCs need to be able to access the web server
4. Firewall needs to allow only established connections for replies to the web server
5. IT support at HQ needs full access (ping, HTTP, FTP and telnet) throughout
6. ftp and http is permitted from Design workstations to their own server. 

Deliverable’s 

1. Network design document – no more than 6 pages (Max 2000 words) excluding diagrams and appendices, as HARD COPY. 

2. Demo in the lab – Using a network simulation tool (e.g. PACKET TRACER), enter your network configuration and simulate it. Packet Tracer file ON A CD.

Introduction 

Wireless sensor networks are widely used these days and supports wide range of application and has open the doors to many technical advantages based on these wireless sensor networks. In general a wireless sensor network is composed of many sensor nodes which communicate with each other in the typical communication process and exchange the data and in this process, each node holds some default energy levels, by which they operate. In the process of the communication, wireless sensor nodes need some capabilities to detect the mobile nodes and capture the required information from them to complete a cycle of communication task and to accomplish this, perfect tracking of the objects is always required.

To provide the personalized services to the users, in the field of ubiquitous computing, where the location and tracking of moving objects like people, vehicles and laptops is really important as the required information should be provided to the users regarding these objects which all are operating at the wireless sensor network area. In general tracking the objects is an easy task across the wireless sensor networks, but includes lot of energy consumption and making this process an energy efficient one is really a tedious task.

As per the current trend, sensor nodes has a limited range of detecting the objects and even the networks so dense such that tracking the required objects really consume lot of energy across the wireless sensor networks. But this level of energy consumption is not suited to support a wide range of applications across the wireless sensor networks and always best energy efficient algorithms are required in this process.

There are different ranges of algorithms proposed in this context and most of them concentrate on improving the energy efficiency in different context and the main aim regarding reducing the power consumption with respect to object tracking is ignored in this case and thus it is clear that, there is no proper proposed solution with respect to reducing the power and energy consumption across the wireless sensor networks in detecting the objects across different ranges.

In general when a wireless sensor network is under its active operation mode, all of the sensor nodes are under the process of gathering the information from different other sensor and actor nodes and while doing this their normal level of energy consumption is expired and also when they request to track the objects across the sensor nodes, additional energy is requested from external sources and in this whole process, the actual and default sensor node operations are affected a lot and thus a better energy efficient process is always required to track the objects across the sensor networks.

Thus the main aim of this Energy efficiency multi object tracking in sensor networks MS Project is to evaluate the energy requirements for the sensor nodes across tracking the objects and how the energy can be optimized from different sources and save the power consumption of sensor nodes as well across the wireless sensor nodes. Following are the aims and objectives of this research along with few research questions identified

Aims and Objectives 

Aim: To investigate and critically evaluate the efficient energy consumption model to track the objects across the wireless sensor networks.

Following are the research objectives

• To critically review the energy requirements for sensor nodes across the wireless sensor networks
• To prepare literature review on different energy optimization techniques in existence to track the objects across the wireless sensor networks
• To propose an energy efficient model to track the objects across the wireless sensor networks.
• To develop a MATLAB simulation to develop the proposed algorithm
• To test the results and evaluate the system performance

Deliverable’s

Following are the deliverables of the project

• Literature review on different energy efficient methods for object tracking across wireless sensor networks
• Energy efficient object tracking algorithm across the sensor nodes
• MATLAB simulation code
• Experiment results and evaluation of system performance

Research Questions 

Following are the research questions

• What are the different energy consumption and power consumption issues across wireless sensor networks?
• What is single and multiple object tracking and why do the energy consumption is more across this process?
• How an efficient energy model can be developed for lower energy consumption across tracking the objects across the wireless sensor networks?

INTRODUCTION:

The technology used in WLAN for transmitting and receiving information through air can be infrared or radio frequency. Because of this feature it is called as flexible data communications systems. First WLAN standard was 802.11 implemented in 1997. The technology used in it is radio technology frequency in which it is operated is 2.4GHz and has 1 to 2 Mbps maximum throughput. In late 1999, IEEE 802.11b standard was introduced which is currently largely used and deployed. It also operates in the same frequency i.e.2.4 GHz. Compare to 802.11 standard maximum speed increases to 11 Mbps.

In many sectors like private or public organization Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) are widely using. This is due to many advantages like mobility, scalability, flexible for installation and low cost. But there are some securities threats, the person who is using the WLAN have to be aware of it. Some of the security threats that occur in WLAN are denial of service, Eavesdropping and spoofing.

This is due to usage of radio waves in the wireless networks. Because of this radio waves network can be hacked. In my project I am doing research on various threats that occur in WLAN and how they are occurring. I am also doing research on WEP [Wired Equivalent Privacy], which is wireless networking encryption standard. I am going to do research on some standards for improve the WLAN security. The standards are IEEE 802.1x. It consists of three sections Extensible Authentication Protocol [EAP], 802.1x itself and point-to-point protocol [PPP]. 802.11i is a standard proposed newly for encryption and key distribution. The 802.1x is included in the 802.11i standard. This standard plays key role in improving the security of WLAN network.

Two improved encryption algorithm are provided by the 802.11i to replace the WEP. They are Temporal Key Integrity Protocol [TKIP] and CBC-MAC protocol [CCMP]. There are some practical solutions for WLAN security. I am doing research on how to implement the practical solutions to minimize the attacks. There are some practical solutions like changing default SSID, utilize VPN, placement of access point etc. I am also doing research on the tools to protect WLAN. Security threats in WLAN can be minimized by some products like AirDefense, Isomair wireless sentry, Wireless Security Auditor (WSA).

AIM:

The main aim of my Quality of Service in Wireless LAN Using OPNET MODELER project is to research about the security issues in WLAN and the solutions for that security issues. 

OBJECTIVES OF MY PROJECT:

• To research about components of WLAN.
  • Research about access points.
  • Research about client adapters.
  • To do research about architecture of WLAN
    • Research about independent WLAN.
    • Research about infrastructure WLAN.
    • Research about microcells and roaming.
    • To do research about security threats in WLAN.
      • To do research about denial of services.
      • To do research about spoofing and session hijacking.
      • Research about eavesdropping.
      • To do research about WEP.
        • To know how WEP works.
        • To know weakness of WEP.
        • To know practical solutions for securing WLAN.
        • To do research on new standards to improve the WLAN security.
          • To research on 802.1x standard.
          • To research on 802.11i standard.
          • To do research on tools for protecting WLAN.

   I will do the required research on the WLAN security models and the corresponding threats. To improve the research I would like to simulate the security models required for WALN using OPNET. Security of the WLAN is evaluated in terms of the quality of services and the simulation procedure followed is given as below 

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Due to some advantages WLAN offers radio waves. Due to the usage of the radio waves in the network so that it can easily hacked. Due to this attackers the resource are used by the unauthorized persons. There are some attacks like DOS attacks, spoofing and hijacking, eavesdropping…Etc, which may causes the resources of the network make unavailable. Mainly WEP standard is used to overcome the security threats. Standard encryption for wireless networks is WEP. The information which is transmitted over the air is encrypted by the WEP; by doing like this the receivers who are having the correct encryption key they only can decrypt the data.  But there are some disadvantages in WEP standard like no forgery protection, initialization vector reuse and no protection against replays. There are some new standard then WEP to increase the security of the WLAN. The new standards are 802.1x and 802.11i. The standard 802.1x was designed for wired networks. This standard is as well element of 802.11i. EAP [Extensible Authentication Protocol], point-to-point protocol [PPP] are part of 802.1x. PPP is emerged to transport the IP traffic in the point-to-point networks. EAP protocol is to design to overcome the limitations PPP. It is a General authentication protocol that is defined by IETF [Internet Engineering Task Force] standards. For several authentication mechanisms it provides general frame work and it is an authentication protocol. The standard 802.11i is in still development process. However TKIP or CCMP protocols are used for 802.11i equipments. There are some practical solutions to secure the WLAN even with WEP flaws. Tools like airdefense, wireless security auditor [WSA] are used to protect the WLAN from threats. 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research is a logical study of topic substance for the reason of accumulation to knowledge. Research can be called as re-search, it implies that the topic is already acknowledged but for some reasons we need to study again.

Research methodology is a wider phrase. It has three main elements.

• The research is guide by the abstract perspective and logical enquiry.
• Data collection tools and techniques.
• Data analysis methods.

Research methods consist of research techniques and tools. Collecting data in practical aspects and the way the collected information is monitored is referred as research techniques. The instruments which are used for data collection and analysis are called as tools. It includes dairies, maps, schedules etc. there are two basic research methods where many researchers use they are qualitative research and quantitative research.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:

Quantitative, the word comes from quantity. In this research the data involves in the form of the data. Survey is mostly used to conduct the quantitative research. Generally questionnaire is used in surveys.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:

Qualitative research aim is to expand our understanding about something. In my project I am using qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research is a scientific research. In general it investigates that

• Search for answers to questions.
• Predefined procedures are used to answer the questions.

THE BASIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS:

Quantitative and qualitative research methods are mainly differs in:

• Analytical objects.
• Flexibility built into study design
• Data collection instruments they use.

Why I am not using the quantitative research method?

My dissertation topic involves a very in depth study of topic area. The main reasons for not going to quantitative method is, If I go through surveys on this topic may not receive specific responses, don’t get the full concept what I need. In my dissertation the research questions are used are:

• What are the security issues in WLAN?
• How they affect the WLAN?
• Are any solutions for the threats?
• Any new standards are implemented to secure it?
• Some practical solutions to secure WLAN?
• Any tools to protect WLAN from security issues? 

By data collecting through the journals, electronic sources, IEEE papers and textbooks I am trying to achieve goal of project. This all can be done through the qualitative research method.

PROJECT PLAN:

          I researched on the MS Final Year Dissertation topics from 15-Jan to 30-Jan. I submitted my proposal in the month of February.  In between 21-Feb to 28-Feb I done some researches my related topics. I prepared for the poster in between 1-Mar to 14-Mar and I submitted my poster on 15-mar. I started collecting of the data in the month of April. In May I learned about the literature review and research methods. I am going to submit the research proposal on 6of June. In the same month I am going to do research about Development. In coming month I am going to research about some security issues and some possible solution for the issues. In the month of august I am planning to do some investigations on practical solutions and tools to protect from security issue in month of august. I will prepare the report in September. And I am going to submit my project on September 23.

TASKS	MONTH
RESEARCHED ON DISSERTATION TOPICS	JAN
PRPOSAL SUBMISSION AND RESARCH ON THE TOPIC	FEB
POSTER PRESENTAION PREPARATION	MAR
COLLECTION OF DATA	APR
LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODS	MAY
PROPOSAL SUBMISSION &RESARCH ON WLAN	JUN
SECURITY ISSUESS & SOLUTIONS	JULY
PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS & TOOLS	AUG
FINAL REPORT PREPARATION & SUBMISSION	SEP

Project Background 

Local Area Network (LAN) can be defined as a basic network topology that can be used to connect computers and few nodes to a limited geographical area like within a campus, organization, hospital and University. In general these LAN’s are building with very inexpensive hardware like Ethernet cables, network adapters, hubs and few workstations. Local area networks can be configured using special software components and once configured well, LAN can be used to for the networking purpose and the nodes connected across the LAN can share the data and information. Performance of LAN can be measured using different metrics and few of them are listed as below 

• Bandwidth
• Throughput
• Packet delivery ratio
• End-to-End delay 

All these metrics can be evaluated to define the performance of a LAN. In general the most common issues faced with the performance LAN, would be the load. Load across the LAN can be of different types and the most common among the load issues, the number if computers attached to the network. If the number of computers attached to the LAN is increased, gradually the performance of LAN is degraded and the expected performance of the LAN is affected a lot. There are different techniques to balance the load across the LAN and still it is research area to study the actual load balancing technique across the LAN. In general, across the LANs, whenever the data transmission process is done, the actual reliability of the data transmission depends on the number of workstations attached to the LAN and the performance of data transmission depends on the behavior of the LAN by gradually increasing the load on it. Data transmission performance can be measured using some metrics like the file uploading and downloading time, number of packets sent and received from a source to destination, client server communication overhead, traffic sent in bytes or traffic received in bytes. All these factors are the key attributes to measure the performance of LAN against the load on it and in general there exists a variation in the performance as stated across the literature studies. Topology of the network chosen also plays a vital role in determining the performance of LAN and in general STAR topology is proved to the best one to handle the load balancing issues with the LAN. When a LAN is simulated using any of the networking simulation tools like OPNET or NS2, initially a predefined set of workstations are added to the networks and all the required components are added and the required simulation set up is configured to test the scenarios considered. 

Aims and Objectives 

Following are the aims and objectives for this project 

Aim: To study the impact of increasing load on a LAN across different application like browsing, email, File print, File Transfer and Database access and compare the results. 

Objectives: 

• To critically review and investigate different networking models and evaluate the performance of LAN against increasing load
• To review different application that work on LAN and evaluate their performance against increasing load conditions
• To Simulate 5 scenarios with different load conditions and run the simulation to check the performance of application like Web browsing, Email usage, Database access, File print and File transfer
• To compare the results of 5 simulations and evaluate the best working application against varying load conditions
• To evaluate the results and notify the best application that works constantly irrespective of the varying load conditions. 

How the objective are achieved 

1. Literature review is prepared using the references like different networking articles, journals and IEEE transactions.
2. Review on different performance metrics of LAN using the above references
3. Required scenarios are designed with respect to different load conditions
4. A simple LAN is setup using the OPNET modeler initially with some number of nodes and different profiles are considered with respect to a university campus
5. The load across the LAN is increased by increasing the number of nodes and different applications are implemented against the profiles considered
6. All the designed scenarios are simulated against the performance metrics considered
7. Results are evaluated and compared against the scenarios considered and the performance of LAN against different load conditions is analyzed. 

Reason to choose this project 

I have done some research on LAN and simulated the LAN using OPNET IT guru previously but faced some issues with the load balancing conditions. In this project, I would like to evaluate the performance of LAN against different load conditions and evaluate the performance of the application performance of the LAN using OPNET.

 Resource Requirement 

Software requirements 

OPNET modeler 14.0 or later

Operating system: Windows 7 

Hardware requirements 

PROCESSOR        :    PENTIUM IV 2.6 GHz

RAM                    : 1 GB 

Project plan 

Task	Description	Start Date	End Date	Duration
Introduction	Basic introduction to the project along with the problem definition and aims and objectives are defined in this section.			1 week
Literature review	Following aspects are covered under literature review   Introduction to LAN Review on LAN performance and different performance metrics Review on load balancing issues across the LAN			4 weeks
Design	Following design aspects are covered under this section Scenarios design Parameters design			3 weeks
Simulation	Following aspects are covered under the implementation section Network setup Simulation of the scenarios Running the scenarios against the parameters			4 weeks
Evaluation of results	Results achieved after running the individual scenarios and after comparing the scenarios are explained in this chapter with reference to the aims and objectives of this project.			2 weeks
Conclusion and Future work	Conclusion from the total work done and the results evaluation is given and the better ways to improve the project in future are also explained.			1 week

 Deliverables 

Following are the project deliverables 

Initial report contain the below aspects 

• Project introduction and problem definition
• Review on LAN and different topologies across LAN
• Review on performance of LAN and corresponding issues 

Interim report contain the below aspects 

• Review on load balancing techniques across LAN
• Scenario design and the corresponding design procedure followed
• Explanation to different profiles and applications considered across LAN 

Final report contain the below aspects 

• Information from both the initial and interim report
• Detailed explanation to the scenario design
• Simulation procedure followed and detailed explanation to the scenario setup
• Evaluation of results
• Conclusion and future work 

Final product contain the below aspects 

• A simple LAN setup with varying load conditions
• Different profiles related to a university and the corresponding application definitions
• Evaluation of results