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Civil Project Abstract Secant Pile Construction Technique:Over the last few decades construction of retaining walls in urban areas has grown significantly, as a result of territorial and economical development of the cities. In most cases, retaining walls are deep structures with the existence of groundwater level because urban areas are often at a few meters above sea level. Furthermore, construction of retaining walls in cities, introduce special problems as a result of being directly in touch with urban elements and citizens.

In situ pile retaining walls are very popular due to their availability and practicability. There are different types of pile walls contiguous (intermittent) bored pile construction, (spacing between the piles is greater that the diameter of piles).

In these conditions, for deep borings and with the existence of groundwater level, diaphragm walls and secant pile walls are the only feasible retaining walls in urban areas. Secant pile walls are usually used in hard ground, where it is not possible to install diaphragm walls, and in rocks, and it is technically possible to install secant pile walls in a extensive range of grounds.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

Noise: comparatively secant piles methods are more adaptable. Wall plan geometry: As site values increase, the pressure to use all available space within basements has become intense. Sites are often sandwiched between existing buildings, and walls are placed in close proximity to adjacent structures or roads.

The main disadvantages of secant pile walls are:

1. Verticality tolerances may be hard to achieve for deep piles.

2. Total waterproofing is very difficult to obtain in joints.

3. Increased cost compared to sheet pile walls.

Conclusion:

For temporary works, a hard-soft secant constitutes a perfectly satisfactory structure. For permanent structures the suitability of the technique demands critical evaluation in the particular site circumstances and structural requirements. Cased secant construction methods provide a high degree of security when working in granular soils adjacent to heavily loaded foundations or adjacent structures. Hydraulic diaphragm wall cutters are high production machines and require a large site, both to work efficiently and for their related service plant and back up facilities.

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This Safe Water Technologies Civil Project Report is about Safe Water Technologies. Now days, technologies are developing and there are many industries are introduced. Though the technologies are developing, however water also getting polluted with these industries. Hence, Safe Water Technologies are required to protect the water.

Water everywhere is increasingly being contaminated from numerous sources and this, especially in drinking waters is a major concern, due to the associated health hazards. The most common contaminants being suspended matter, mud, silt, algae, bacteria and other pathogens. Besides large bulk processing systems for industry, Safe Water in India also has special focus on small and medium water supply needs.

Solutions are offered for treatment of Municipal Waters, Surface Waters, Open and Tube Well Waters including source waters from streams, rivers, ponds and lakes for drinking water for Residences, Housing Colonies, Resorts, Villages, and Small Towns. Today, more than 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion people have no access to basic sanitation. In most industrialized countries, access to safe drinking water is nearly universal, and is often taken for granted. This access has come as the result of massive public expenditures, though now more and more water supply agencies are being privatized.

Three main sources of water can be considered as substitutes for contaminated water: groundwater, rainwater, and surface water. Much has been written about these sources, so this chapter offers only a brief review, with key references.• Groundwater is largely free from harmful bacteria and fecal contamination, though a poorly designed or constructed well can become contaminated from surface water. To prevent this, wells should be grouted around the borehole, and finished at the surface with a concrete platform, with good drainage away from the well.

Conclusion:

Thus, we can say that Safe Water Technologies has to be used protecting atmosphere and water pollution. Safe Water Technologies also protect human for diseases. Government has to supply the pure water for the poorest people in developing countries.

Download Safe Water Technologies 2012 Civil Project Report.

This Retrofitting Of Rc Beams With Externally Bonded Simcon Laminates project report presents the results of experimental studies concerning the flexural strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded Slurry Infiltrated Mat concrete (SIMCON) laminates. A total of four reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested in the laboratory over an effective span of 3000 mm. Three beams were strengthened with bonded SIMCON laminate at the bottom under virgin condition and tested until failure; the remaining one beam was used as control specimen. Static responses of all the beams were evaluated in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility ratio, energy absorption capacity factor, compositeness between laminate and concrete, and the associated failure modes.

Comparison was made between the Control specimen and strengthened beam. The results show that the strengthened beams exhibit increased flexural strength, enhanced flexural stiffness, and composite action until failure. The cost of civil infrastructure constitutes a major portion of the national wealth. The rapid deterioration of reinforced concrete structures has thus created an urgent need for the development cost-effective methods for repair, retrofit and new construction.

As the number of civil infrastructure systems increases worldwide, the number of deteriorated buildings and structures also increases. Complete replacement is likely to be an increasing financial burden and might certainly be a waste of natural resources if upgrading or strengthening is a viable alternative.

Conclusion:

SIMCON laminates properly bonded to the tension face of RC beams can enhance the flexural strength substantially. The strengthened beams exhibit an increase in flexural strength of 45.0% as compared to the Control beam (CB1). At any given load level, the deflections are reduced significantly thereby increasing the stiffness for the strengthened beams. A flexible epoxy system will ensure that the bond line does not break before failure and participate fully in the structural resistance of the strengthened beams.

Download Retrofitting Of Rc Beams With Externally Bonded Simcon Laminates FInal Year Engineering Project Abstract/Document.

This Real Time Automatic Irrigation System Project Report is about the Real Time Automatic Irrigation System. The report consists of Introduction, Block Diagram, Interfaces, Soil Moisture Sensor, Solenoid Valve, Relays. The continuous increasing demand of food requires the rapid improvement in food production technology. In a country like India, where the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climatic conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. 

The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes to waste. Agriculture is the oldest occupation in the world. We are unable to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir water. This project helps in time saving and removal of human error in adjusting available soil moisture levels. The goal of this project is to automate the irrigation system with the help of wireless communication. Before having an automatic irrigation system installed, land owners usually are advised to conceptualize and map out a landscape design plan. This map or blueprint will determine the amount of water each lawn section will need.

The report explained the Real Time Automatic Irrigation System through block diagram. Under interface the sensor, relay and Zigbee interface is defied very clearly and pictorial way. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops. In crop production it is mainly used in dry areas and in periods of rainfall shortfalls, but also to protect plants against frost.

TYPES OF IRRIGATION

1. Surface irrigation

2. Localized irrigation

3. Drip Irrigation

4. Sprinkler irrigation

Conclusion:

The Microcontroller based irrigation system proves to be a real time feedback control system which monitors and controls all the activities of drip irrigation system efficiently. The present proposal is a model to modernize the agriculture industries on a small scale with optimum expenditure. Using this system, one can save manpower, water to improve production and ultimately profit.

Download Real Time Automatic Irrigation System Final Semester Civil Engineering Project Report.

This Protection Repair And Maintenance Of Rcc Structures Btech Civil Project report is about Protection repair and maintenance of rcc structures. RCC stands for Reinforced Cement Concrete. The report emphasize on Protection repair and maintenance of R.C.C. structures. The purpose of the report is to highlight the methods of repair and maintenance to be undertaken for structures with defects and deficiencies that necessitate rehabilitation.

Repair and maintenance methods currently used are reviewed on the basis of present knowledge and the merit of a holistic system approach. This report focuses on visible symptoms of the problem rather than on visible and invisible problems as well as the possible causes behind them. This report focuses about the repair materials and the techniques used since the use of appropriate repair materials and techniques is essential for the satisfactory performance of the repaired structure. This report presents an analysis of concrete illnesses, curing treatments, and problems leading to unsatisfactory performance of repaired concrete structures.

Provides prescriptive advice for engineers on the repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures damaged by reinforcement corrosion. It covers:

i. The mechanisms of corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete,

ii. The diagnosis of deterioration in concrete structures, including the planning and interpretation of defect investigations,

iii. Some of the options for repair, each with its prognosis for future service life and maintenance requirements,

iv. The types of materials used to repair the damage and protect against future deterioration, and

v. Preventive maintenance.

The deterioration mechanisms described and most available repair options apply, in principle, to all forms of concrete with embedded steel reinforcement. This report is primarily aimed at non-pressurised reinforced concrete.

Conclusion:

Repair and prepared corrected area should be carried out systematically. Applications of protective coatings are required to be properly supervised and carried out. Surface defects like bugs holes and honey comb require immediate repairs.

Download Protection Repair And Maintenance Of Rcc Structures Btech Civil Project.

This Project Report On Polymer Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavements is about the POLYMER FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS. In a developing country such as India, road networks form the arteries of the nation. A pavement is the layered structure on which vehicles travel. It serves two purposes, namely, to provide a comfortable and durable surface for vehicles, and to reduce stresses on underlying soils. In India, the traditional system of bituminous pavements is widely used.

Road transportation is undoubtedly the lifeline of the nation and its development is a crucial concern. The traditional bituminous pavements and their needs for continuous maintenance and rehabilitation operations points towards the scope for cement concrete pavements. There are several advantages of cement concrete pavements over bituminous pavements. This paper explains on POLYMER FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, which is a recent advancement in the field of reinforced concrete pavement design. PFRC pavements prove to be more efficient than conventional RC pavements, in several aspects, which are explained in this paper.

Polymeric fibres are being used now because of their no risk of corrosion and also being cost effective. Polymeric fibres normally used are either of polyester or polypropylene. Polymer fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) was used on two sites with ready mix concrete and Vacuum dewatering process.

Conclusion:

PFRC can be used advantageously over normal concrete pavement. Polymeric fibres such as polyester or polypropylene are being used due to their cost effective as well as corrosion resistance. PFRC requires specific design considerations and construction procedures to obtain optimum performance. The higher initial cost by 15-20% is counterbalanced by the reduction in maintenance and rehabilitation operations, making PFRC cheaper than flexible pavement by 30-35%. In a fast developing and vast country like India, road networks ensure mobility of resources, communication and in turn contribute to growth and development.

Download Final Year Civil Engineering Project Report On Polymer Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavements.

The CIVIL Project Report On Panama Canal Construction report gives brief explanation of Panama Canal Construction. This is one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects. The channel is not only a “way” of water between the two oceans. There are a series of 6 locks in two parallel tracks, lift and lower ships between the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. The Panama Canal is a man-made canal which joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The first attempt to construct the Panama Canal began in 1880 under French leadership. This attempt was failed and saw 21,900 workers died. Then the project of building a canal was attempted and completed by the US in the early 1900’s.

The Panama Canal is a vital resource for the international trade and is an important link between two oceans of the world. However, its future is in doubt due to massive deforestation. Despite environmental laws enacted to protect the watersheds, Panama lacks the resources to ensure their safety. By the time the canal was completed, a total of 27,500 workmen are estimated to have died in the French and American efforts. The reasons behind the French failing to complete the project were due to the diseases carrying mosquitoes and the yellow fever and the inadequacy of their machinery. An excess of 1.53 million cubic metres of concrete was used in the construction of the Gatun locks alone.

Conclusion:

The canal was completed in 1913 by the United States, after France failed twice to get it built. This is another legacy in today’s world, the glorious 19th Century engineers. This hard work of the engineers who did not loss hopes and tried to Construction Panama Canal and now the whole world says that Civil Engineers made the IMPOSSIBLE to possible.

Download CIVIL Engineering Final Year Project Report On Panama Canal Construction.

This Labour Relation Project Report Civil Engineering Project describes Labour Relations, A labour relation is the study and practice of managing unionized employment situations. In academia, labour relations is frequently a sub-area within industrial relations, though scholars from many disciplines, including economics, sociology, history, law, and political science also study labour unions and labour movements. In practice, labour relations are frequently a sub-area within human resource management. Courses in labour relations typically cover labour history, labour law, union organizing, bargaining, contract administration, and important contemporary topics.

The report provides the details about construction back ground of India and economic growth of India. Today, India is the second fastest growing economy in the world. The Indian construction industry is an integral part of the economy and a conduit for a substantial part of its development investment, is poised for growth on account of industrialization, urbanization, economic development and people’s rising expectations for improved quality of living. In India, construction is the second largest economic activity after agriculture.

In the United States, labour relations in the private sector are regulated by the National Labour Relations Act. Public sector labour relations are regulated by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 and various pieces of state legislation. In other countries, labour relations might be regulated by law or tradition. An important professional association for U.S. labour relations scholars and practitioners are the Labour and Employment Relations Association.

Conclusion:

In conclusion we can say that, a unique feature of the transition of the Indian economy has been high growth with stability. The Indian economy has witnessed considerable progress in the past few decades. Most of the infrastructure development sectors moved forward, but not to the required extent of increasing growth rate up to the tune of 8 to 10 per cent. The Union Government has underlined the requirements of the construction industry

Download Labour Relation Project Report Civil Engineering Final Year Project.