Category: CSE Projects

Introduction to Solution to Privacy Issues in RFID Item-level Applications Project:

This paper discussed about a solution that addresses the privacy issues of Radio Frequency Identification item-level applications and also demonstrates a solution which provides high security with low manufacturing and management cost. 

Overview: 

Automated identification is possible in RFID without the knowledge of tag bearer and it is one of the major privacy concerns of RFID.  In RFID item-level applications this unauthorized read can be prevented with the help of traditional cryptographic operations like authentication and encryption but these operations are too costly in RFID. Automated identification also raises privacy concerns like inventorying and clandestine tracking.

Many researches has been carried out to provide consumer privacy in the RFID world. Physical approaches such as peeling off tags antennas or physical triggers do not provide protection from clandestine inventorying. The trade-off between cryptographic operations and low-cost has become a major challenge in designing RFID tags.  With the new proposed RFID structure, the tags need not store more information. Tags need to carry only the ID numbers to avoid clandestine and eavesdropping tracking.  Information security, integrity and non-repudiation are protected by the database in the new RFID structure. 

Conclusions 

This paper proposed a solution to the privacy concerns in RFID in item-level applications at low manufacturing and maintenance cost. In this system, RFID tags do not need a PIN or a secret key authentication which in turn reduces the costly key distribution and management.  Tags carry only ID numbers and uses hash function to prevent clandestine tracking.  This eliminates eavesdropping attacks because no reader will get meaningful information from tag responses.  Information related to tags is so secured and stored in a back-end database.

This information will send to end-users along the supply chains through cryptographic operations. Burden of using cryptographic operations shifts from tags to database so tags are easy to manufacture and maintain.  Tags carry only ID numbers, which are divided into segments, which will helps to reduce computational complexity of database management. 

Introduction to Smart Gateway Design for WSN Health Care System Project:

This paper discussed about a smart gateway design which designed especially for WSN health care systems at home environments by building a bridge between different networks to get faster response time during emergencies. The communication protocols are also designed between WSN, gateway and remote servers.  Researches has been carried out on this smart gateway with a wireless home e-health care sensor network in order to show that this gateway is reliable and has low power consumption and latency. 

Overview: 

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been used in many areas because of its numerous advantages. WSNs are also using in health care systems by integrating health care, sensor network and wireless communications together.  Smart gateway designed by following embedded system development processes and this resultant designed gateway is used in WSN health care systems.

 In a health care system, time required detecting patient’s health state and informing the same to care givers is very important.  In WSN, sensor nodes always must be in working mode and less interfere channel. Data from WSN is analyzed by the proposed gateway or by any central server.  With the help of WSN, the data about health state of patient’s must reach health care takers on time.  Health care takers must get notice when patient’s health is in danger. 

            Smart gateway is classified into simple and intelligent models. In simple model, connection exists between WSN and smart gateway, and between smart gateway and health care takers. Communication protocol exists between WSN and PCN in transport layers and it should exist between WSN and HCC in application layer. 

Data transfers to HCC from WSN and commands received from HCC which need to be implemented. In intelligent model, connection exists between WSN and smart gateway, and between smart gateway and remote server.  Onboard database plays an important role in receiving and storing data from WSN and informing the same to HCC.  Reporting of patient’s health state to remote server takes place periodically. 

 Download  Smart Gateway Design for WSN Health Care System Project Report.

Introduction: 

This paper describes about a Image steganography technique to hide information into a cover page based on Block-DCT, and Huffman coding. Huffman encoding is on the secret messages/images before embedding and each bit of secret message/image is embedded in the frequency domain by modifying the least significant bit of cover image blocks DCT coefficients. This algorithm has a good invisibility and capacity. Peak signal to Noise Radio of cover image with stego-image gives better results when compared to that of existing steganography approaches. The secret message/image cannot be extracted without knowing Huffman table and decoding rules. 

Image Steganography Algorithm: 

The main objective of Steganography is the true message cannot able to observe by an observer. Unauthorized users are not supports to differentiate a cover-image i.e., an image does not contain an secret message and stego-mage i.e., cover-image is modified and results a stego-image with secret message.  Now-a-days steganograhpy is widely used in computer where digital data acts as carriers and networks acts as speed delivery channels.  

 Image steganography schemes are classified spatial-domain based category and transform-domain based category.  In spatial domain approaches, the embedding of secret messages takes place directly. The simplest stegonographic method in spatial domain is Least Significant Bits Insertion method.   Secret image is encoded using Huffman coding and then the secret image is embedded into cover image. Huffman codes are optimal codes in which one symbol maps to one code word. 

Conclusion: 

In spatial domain, a steganography process improved security and image quality, compared to that of existing algorithms. It is very difficult to differentiate original image with the steganography algorithm resultant stego-image.  This algorithm also provides 3 layers of security to cover image transformation. But the demand for image robustness in steganography is not as much as in watermarking field.  Image in steganography process neglects the basic demand of robustness. This algorithm performs few operations and Huffman encoding of secret image helps to protect the images from stealing or misuse by unintended users. 

 Download  Image Steganography Technique -Based On Block-DCT and Huffman Encoding.

Introduction to A Novel Algorithm for Hiding Sensitive Frequent Item Sets Project:

This paper discussed about fast hiding sensitive frequent itemsets (FHSFI) approach to hide sensitive frequent itemsets with one database scan and generate limited side effects. 

Overview: 

In a database, with an association analyzer, if an itemset with support above a given minimal support then that itemset is called a frequent itemset.  There is a need to analyze the correlations between the sensitive itemsets and each transaction in a database.  The transactions order to be altered can be decided based on the each transaction weight which is given by heuristic function. 

So by this there is a possibility of saving time by only consider the actual required transactions to modified and then hide the given sensitive frequent itemsets. There is no need to deal with all the transactions to hide the sensitive frequent itemsets.  FHSFI provides the facility to hide the SFI without generating many side effects but still there is loss in rule sets, so researches have been takes place to overcome this issue. The main goal of FHSFI is to hide sensitive frequent itemsets by allowing minimum support thresholds, by limited side effects and by executed only one database scan. 

Conclusions: 

In network and data mining world, there is a severe need to protect the confidentiality of sensitive information in a database. The relationships hidden among large data sets are in a form of frequent item sets or association rules.  Privacypreserving data mining is an important issue which needs the immediate attentions in the current industry. 

When the support of each given sensitive itemsets are reduced then it will help to hide sensitive frequent itemsets, and this can be achieved by modifying transaction in database but at the same time will have enough side effects due to it.  So FHSFI emerged to hide sensitive frequent itemsets with limited side effects.

 Download  A Novel Algorithm for Hiding Sensitive Frequent Item Sets.

Introduction to An Efficient Wireless Architecture to Connect Rural Regions Project:

This paper discussed about a new wireless network architecture WiRE (Wi-Fi-based Rural Extensions), which provides connectivity to rural regions at very low costs. To enhance the features of WiRE architectural, this paper also addressed the challenges at various protocols. Operations costs of WiMAX and cellular networks are higher in rural areas, because significant power consumption requires covering large areas with low user densities. So there is a need of WiRE network to provide connectivity to rural areas at low cost. 

WiRE Network Architecture: 

The main working principle of WiRE is to provide coverage to specific rural regions where connectivity is more required rather than providing broad coverage. The six important network components of WiRE are wireless nodes, point-to-multipoint links, low cost computing devices, point-to-point links, multi-radio mesh links and large local storage.  The scope of WiRE network architecture is much broader when compared to that of WiLD networks. A wiRE network provides rural connectivity, supports wide range of applications and also focuses on challenges across different protocol layers. WiRE network provider uses unlicensed spectrum so there is no need to pay spectrum costs.

As the manufactures of Wi-Fi chipsets supports open source drivers which help to tailor the protocol in order to meet our needs.  Low power single board computers are used by every wireless router in a WiRE network. PCs/ kiosks or the cell phones are the end-devices of WiRE. WiRE architecture is helpful to enable specific services like telephony services, tele consultation and telemedicine services, interactive distance learning service and mobile banking services to rural regions. But in order to provide the above mentioned services, WiRE network has to face some challenges which come across network and transport layers.  WiRE network is designed in a way to tolerate all failures and address all challenges in these two layers. 

Conclusions:

The WiRE architecture is developed for the typical rural regions to connect them to the city. WiRE is a wireless distribution network which extends connectivity from the city to village.

 Download  An Efficient Wireless Architecture to Connect Rural Regions Project.

Introduction to Property Management System Implementation for a Organization Project:

This paper discussed about the how to manage the property in an organization and discussed about the importance of Property management system. Locating, tracking and controlling fixed assets can be called as Property Management. Solid Benefits can be obtained by an organization with the help of effective Controlling and Tracking of Property.

Overview:

When there is a tracking of fixed assets then can obtain benefits with the proper utilization of those fixed assets.  Property Managements includes few tasks like controlling the property, accounting the fixed asset, managing the maintenance, control the inventory, security control, Warranty control, Calibration system control, billing and invoicing and tool control. A Property Management Program helps in accurate accounting and efficient compilation.  Ultimately, the success of a Property Management Program depends on the support of top management and the commitment of an entire organization. 

Across a wide range of organizational activities and concerns, using Property identification Program yields effective and numerous benefits. For implementing an effective tracking and controlling program there is a need to gather inputs from the employees during planning of the program and whose support is needed for implementing and perpetuating the program.  

NPMA and ASTM organizations can assist the organization employees in implementing property management Program. Need to determine what property information records are needed and also determine what are the rules and regulations that applies to that organization.  Determine the number of assets to be located recorded and estimate the cost for identification and protection of those assets from unauthorized usage. 

There is a need to define which software should use for organization property identification. Should prepare a detailed written copy about the assets and must make it as a part of company’s policy.  A Property Management program with procedures documents will help the organization to meet ISO standards.  Each asset should be recorded in a detailed manner with necessary details like when the assets is purchased , from where it is purchased,  current cost and asset benefits.

 Download  Property Management System Implementation for a Organization Project.