provided by Austin Heart
Overview
Definition
An aneurysm is the "ballooning" of an artery caused by the weakening of the
arterial wall. Apart from occasional low back pain, an aneurysm in the abdominal
aorta usually causes no symptoms. However, large aneurysms can burst without
warning, causing internal bleeding and usually ending in death. Fortunately,
aneurysms can be treated surgically before rupture occurs.
DIAGNOSIS OF AN ANEURYSM
Your doctor may first suspect that you have an aneurysm while conducting a
routine physical examination or while you are hospitalized for another problem.
To confirm the diagnosis, a complete physical exam and special tests are
necessary.
History and Physical Exam
Your doctor will ask whether you have low back pain or tenderness below the
ribs. These symptoms are sometimes suggestive of an abdominal aneurysm. As part
of an examination, your doctor will carefully feel your abdomen for signs of
swelling or tenderness. Xrays may be ordered to rule out other causes of your
symptoms.
Ultrasound
Images of an aortic aneurysm can be obtained quickly and painlessly with
ultrasound (or sonography). Highfrequency sound waves are sent through the skin
and the echoes form an image on a TV monitor. Most mediumtolarge aneurysms can
be seen. All you will feel is the technician sliding the probe over your
stomach.
CT Scan
Your tests may include a CT scan (computerized tomography). CT is like an xray,
except that the images appear as a series of thin slices. When viewed together
they provide a threedimensional image. To make selected areas easier to see,
you may be given a special dye to drink or by injection. You will not feel the
scanner.
Arteriography
Arteriography is occasionally used to take more detailed pictures of an
aneurysm. A special xray visible dye is injected into the aorta above the area
of the aneurysm. As dye is released, xrays are taken, revealing both the size
and location of the aneurysm. You may feel a slight burning sensation as the dye
is released into the circulation.
SURGERY FOR AN ANEURYSM
A large aneurysm in the abdomen is particularly dangerous, since it can burst at
any time. The majority of large aneurysms rupture within one or two years.
Surgery is necessary to correct the problem before rupture occurs.
Surgery
Surgery to correct an aneurysm usually takes from two to three hours. During
this time you will be under general anesthesia and won't feel anything. First,
the surgeon locates and exposes the aneurysm. With the aorta clamped to prevent
bleeding, the aneurysm is then opened. Next, a synthetic, Yshaped graft is
stitched to the aorta at one end and the two iliac arteries at the other. The
graft carries blood to the legs.
After Surgery
After surgery you may be in the ICU for 2448 hours to enable close monitoring
of your breathing and heart function. Initially, all fluids will be given
through an intravenous (I.V.) line placed into a vein. As you recover, you will
be encouraged to get out of bed and walk about. Your doctor will let you know
when you can leave the hospital and resume your normal activities.