Category: Mechanical Seminar Topics

B.tech mechanical engineering students can find latest collection of seminar topics on new technologies with seminar reports and paper presentations .Download All Mechanical Seminar Topics, Mechanical Seminar Ideas, Mech Presentations and PPT.

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Mechanical Project Report on Real Time Sequence Control System For Machines

Introduction to Real Time Sequence Control System For Machines Project:

The Real time, time sequence control system for machines is a project used mainly in the industries.

 It can also be used for home appliances for automatic Switching on and off of any machine.  In real life to switch on and off machine at a particular time the event management system can be used. If the number of devices increases, the job is little bit complex. So we can design an event management system i.e. real time sequence control system for machines. The RTC works in   real time. The switching on and off time of each machine is set by using micro controller  Relays are used to connect device to the micro controller.                          

The technology used in the system is Automation of machines. Automation is a the process in which a particular programming is given to it to run in a particular way so that it works in that way automatically

The software and hardware used are Embedded C, Micro controller Hardware, in   40 %  and 60 % .

The main components used in it are 1) Power supply2) Micro controller 3) LCD 4) Real Time Clock (RTC – DS1307) 5) Buzzer 6) Relay: 7) SWITCHES:

The micro controller controls all the mechanism the voltage regulators are used in power supply. Micro controller used is the AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance programmable Flash memory. The Led is used to display all the contents in brief, Real time clock is used to maintain a time limit for on and off Buzzer indicates on and off status of a machine Relay is used to on and off which is controlled by micro controller .The switches are visible devices by which we can control many operations.

Application:  the application of the system is mainly in industries to operate many machines and in controlling different machines

Conclusion: We can use remote controller instead of switches in each and every operation for the easiness and other safety purposes.

 Download  Mechanical Project Report on Real Time Sequence Control System For Machines.

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Mechanical Seminar Topic on Spot Welding by Automation System PPT

Introduction to Mechanical Seminar Topic on Spot Welding by Automation System:

The topic is about welding, though there are different types of welding technique. Spot welding is more preferable.

  As the technology improves the robots are a head, we can use the robots for welding .this welding methods are done by using robots, and is called spot welding by automation system .The main equipment needed are A Robot controller an arc welding equipment Motion devices Robot motion Devices Sensors Safety Devices .As a robot is a technical device and we have to consider the following things while designing they are Robot work envelope, joints, travel velocity, Accuracy, and Resolution of motion.

CONTROLLER is called as a whole programmer. It can be considered as a brain of the human system, as it provides the signals by using high speed processors and sensors .The controller not only controls the robot but also many integrated parts such as manipulators. The mechanism is similar to that of a human body it means it controls all parts. The control system is so inevitable. Memory backup devices can also be using for giving data to it. It can be automated and the robot has the capacity to restore the data and loss occurs .it restores the data without return to the zero configurations.

NEEDS to generate arc: to maintain stability of power, short arc, a wire feeder to torch, cooling system

  Manipulators: it holds the device and moves with better access. The advantage is that they can be moved easily around the work piece for the best   welding positions, reduce the variation in the lead and the lag angles of   the tip a stable flat welding position  can be obtained, it increases the working range performed in a stable flat welding position, Any hard-to-reach positions can be accessed more easily.

 Download  Mechanical Seminar Topic on Spot Welding by Automation System PPT.

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Mechanical Seminar Topic On Power Generation from Speed Breakers through Air Compression Method

Introduction to  Power Generation from Speed Breakers through Air Compression Method Seminar Topic:

The main aim of this paper is to generate power from speed breakers. As we know electricity plays an important role in human life. Each and every equipment rely’s on electricity. In our day to day life, on roads we do come across many speed breakers. Many vehicles pass through them daily. This is to say that we can generate electricity from these speed breakers without using any resources such as coal, water etc. This electricity being generated from speed breakers is eco-friendly and can help mankind.

Brief into design and working:

Generally, speed breakers are made of tar. Here in case of this, speed breakers are made of vibrating type i.e springs. The speed breakers are in trapezoid shape. When the vehicle passes through them the spring is compressed and the air at the base will be compressed. In pneumatic design, it consists of cylinder, nozzle.

The cylinder  has the FRL joined to that. The pressure inside this FRL makes the nozzle to open and this converts the energy into  kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is given to the impeller. The alternator which is present at the impeller acts as an electric generator, this works under the faraday’s principle.

The mechanical energy generated is given as input to the alternator and it converts into electrical energy. The electrical energy generated is about 10kw. Casing is the most important one. If the casing is properly done, this can avoid many problems. 

Download Mechanical Seminar Topic On Power Generation from Speed Breakers through Air Compression Method .

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Mechanical Seminar Report on Wind Operated Mobile Charger

Introduction to  Wind Operated Mobile Charger Seminar Topic:

Introduction:

This project explains the design and working of wind operated mobile charger. Here the rotational movement caused by wind is converted into electrical energy which gets stored in the battery.  This is a renewable source of energy and a cost effective system. The rectifiers present in the circuit provide the required voltage levels for the mobile. By developing the equipment we can generate higher  voltages required  for high power consuming devices.

Principle of operation:

Here fan blades are designed by using plastic fiber and they are fixed to a rotating wheel. The wheel is connected to an induction motor. The induction motor generates electricity by converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. The rotational motion required for the induction motor is generated by the wheel which moves due to wind. The induction motor can adjust the turbine motion depending on direction of the wind motion. The generated energy is stored in the battery. The battery provides the required constant voltage for the mobile phone. This wind model can generate a voltage of 12v which is suitable for charging of low power consumption devices. By using the battery the device gets completely charge by 1-2 hours.

Advantages and Applications:

This is a renewable source of energy and this does not have any effect on the environment. This model is portable device and it can be carried easily. The efficiency of wind mills in generating electricity is more when compared to that of solar units. By installing huge blades and higher voltage induction generators we can generate higher voltages. The cost of power gets cheap when generated through wind mills. Thus we can conclude that wind mills are optional for meeting the power demands.

Download Mechanical Seminar Report on Wind Operated Mobile Charger .

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Various Images of the GPS Navigation Robot Project

Various Images of the GPS Navigation Robot Project: (Designed In Pro-E) 

 ISOMETRIC VIEW

ISOMETRIC VIEW

 TOP VIEW

TOP VIEW

 FRONT VIEW

FRONT VIEW

 SIDE VIEW

SIDE VIEW

ADDED FEATURES IN OUR BOT

 Our GPS Navigation Robot Project has its unique code of 16 characters. It is encrypted in the permanenthidden storage memory unit of microprocessor, where it acts as a “black box” of our bot. The entire history is stored in it. It is a separate process which saves only the event history (control signal and direction Total Power Consumption till last update) of 64MB RAM at very high processing speed of 12KB/sec.

 In our Robot the location of memory unit is sent to main processor (ARM 9).when the code is accessed the complete event history is shown to administrator. It enable by performing the separate internet protocol (IP) based server to note the event history.

 The system gets its updation once in two minutes at 12KB/sec .At that time the motor is in OFF state, where the memory management is essential, so it holds nearly 10 to100KB data.

 We are trying to manipulate in most appropriate forms. It is used locate even at remote area.

CONCLUSION:

       Our GPS Navigation Robot Mechanical Project design is cumulative approach of both the electronic and mechanical ideas. It is designed with various references and guidance taken from our faculty, books, sites and journals. We put up our innovative ideas by analyzing serious present day issue, and trying to work out with it.

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Mechanical Approach of the GPS Navigation Robot Project

Mechanical Approach:

Kinematics:

The GPS Navigation Robot Project we have designed to traverse on all terrains is on the concept of getting support from all the sides and having the ability to move ahead. The dimensions of the robot are 1600*965*810 mm.                                                     .

Design of Wheels and Motors:

The locomotion of bot is designed with six wheels so that the stability of the vehicle is high and moreover while climbing the steps or moving in rough terrain it will be able to have more support. Wheels of diameter400mm and thickness200mm are used. The wheels with V-THREAD profiles are selected to meet the desired need to move in all terrain. D.C Motors with specification of 40kg torque and 150rpm are designed to meet the desired speed and the load ratings. Similarly in total there are six motors one for each wheel hence each wheel will be having independent drive. The motors are placed in the wheel hubs supported by c-clamps.

Mechanism of Linkage:

          Kinematic of bot has three linkages in total. Each linkage supports two wheels. The front two wheels of each side are connected by one linkage and the rear wheels are connected by another linkage. Each linkage is designed on the concept of Double Rocker Mechanism. According to which there are two cranks connected to the main link. Similarly in this model the two C-clamps which are connected with the main link and the wheel acts like crank. Due to the presence of this type of linkages there is no separate suspension mechanism needed. At all point of times and at all positions always all six wheels will be touching the ground. This is the most advantageous point of having linkages.

 Double Rocker Mechanism

          In the above diagram A and B are the two cranks and c is the main linkage which is shown in the Double Rocker mechanism.  

FIG: shows the linkage in connection with the wheel

Steering Principle:

Apart from six D.C Motors, four servo motors are placed in between the C-clamps and linkage except the two middle wheels. So the wheels can be turned in any direction. The wheels if properly turned to the required angle, the entire vehicle may completely turn in its position up to 360°.The directional gyro which is of electronic model when fixed in the correct axis can find out how much exactly the wheel’s angle is displaced. Hence when the wheel has been turned to the required angle the action from the micro controller can be given to cutoff the voltage to the servo motor there by removing its action.  As each wheel has independent drive hence while turning the differential drive is obtained by giving variable supply to motor.

Material Selection of Chassis and Other Surfaces:

The chassis is the platform for electronic and mechanical tools. The chassis which should be light in weight as well as having high load capacity should be selected. Hence it was designed to use CNC Titanium or EPO resin.

 The two surfaces which are extruded from the chassis are shown transparent in the diagram drawn in the   pro-e modeling. This is due to the fact that both the surfaces are made of a transparent glass fiber made of carbon composite so whatever changes or deformations taking place could also be easily identified and rectified easily. Antenna is placed in the rear end, while the camera setup is placed in the front end. The camera setup has both stereo and C-MOS camera.

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Control Architecture of the GPS Navigation Robot Project

Our GPS Navigation Robot holds a micro processor and three micro controllers for multi task assignment.

The camera action, memory allocation, motor action and GPS way point verification are the synchronous process, where the continuous clock pulse is required.

Here by we use the Control Architecture,

ARM 9 with VME bus based micro processor.

ARM 7, ATMEL 89C51, Motorola 69HC11 are the three micro controllers used for speed and motion control drivers, GPS sensors and E-stop and Image Processing analysis respectively.

All the data has been send through IEEE 1394 fire wire bus controlled at fixed sequence.

Control Architecture of the GPS Navigation Robot Project

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GPS Navigation Robot Final Year Mechanical Project

Positioning Sensors Used To Navigate On Rough Terrain:

Global Positioning Sensor:

Constructional Working of GPS:

GPS sensor for Navigation Robot is used to navigate the bot reach the fixed destination. Here we use differential gps system, where the carrier frequency is very high even at low signal status certain adaptive methodologies to reach our destination. The functional block shows how the operation is performed by our bot. 

Functional Block Diagram of the GPS Navigation Robot:

 Functional Block Diagram of the GPS Navigation Robot

The block diagram of Final Year Mechanical Project clearly shows the functional working of gps that is here the set point (current position) is compared the first waypoint. Once the destination is reached the program memory enqueue the second way point and so on. If the designated waypoint is not reached again it checks till the destination is reached. 

Performing the Navigation Using GPS and Camera:

The effective way of using adaptive robotic technology is performing the complex operation simultaneously to do the desired operation. Similarly we have performed the simultaneous operation by performing both obstacle avoidance and positioning using stereo camera and gps sensor respectively. The main advantage of performing this GPS Navigation Robot operation is maximum nearness error can be avoided that is created during real time positioning. The block diagram clearly shows how the navigation is performed.

 Performing the Navigation Using GPS and Camera

e-Stopping:

we perform the e-stop operation by providing stop signal to the driver .this we attain by converting the availabe frequency (crystal frequency) to PWM signal by using PWM converter .this signal is fed to the motor driver to stop the bot it is be. The block diagam shows the operaton of e-stopping.

e-Stopping

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Robotic Project Report and Documentation

The following algorithm for robotic project report & documentation describes the sequence of operation for both lane detection and obstacle avoidance using Image Processing Analysis.

For Lane Detection:

STEP 1: Initialize the camera.

STEP 2: Take the different orientation of the given lane and pre-process the image and store it in the SRAM.

STEP 3: Now allow the camera to traverse the lane.

STEP 4: Take the snap of the lane and check with the data base.

STEP 5: Perform the controller action.

STEP 6: Repeat the process till the destination is reached.

For Obstacle Avoidance:

STEP 1: Initialize the camera.

STEP 2: Observe the environment.

STEP 3: Store that in DRAM.

STEP 4: Do self windowing technique and determine the least pixel rate by using the analysis.

STEP 5: Allow the controller to take the action.

STEP 6: Repeat the process till the destination is reached.

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Robotics Final Year Project Ideas and Topics

Constructional Working of Robotics:

Electronic Engineering ECE Approach:

Camera:

In our Robotics Final Year Project we have two cameras

a) C-MOS camera sensor

b) Stereo camera

          The C-MOS sensor camera is placed at the center of the bot and the stereo camera is placed at the center of the bot and the stereo camera is placed at the top of the bot. the camera is tilt to an angle to make the projection perfectly projected to the center of the object.

The C-MOS camera is used to perform more specifically for the lane detection. It is used because of its very high sensitivity to light, low power consumption and low cost. The output is digital, so it is directly fed to the controller to take the action. The functional block diagram shows the importance of camera action.

Technical Features of the Robotic Camera:

The Image processing and Image acquisition is performed by the on-board micro processor and the result of stereo and C-MOS camera is stored in SRAM (Static Random Access memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) respectively.

The lane following is pre processing method, so the sample of images are pre loaded to the SRAM and it’s been cross checked by the controller and necessary action is given to the end effector. 

          The Dynamic image processing is carried out by using stereo camera where the self-windowing algorithm is used for real time variation. It is been stored in DRAM and synchronously signal is given to controller to perform the end- effector action.

Block diagram of the robotic project idea clearly show the importance of two cameras.

For lane detection:

For lane detection

Obstacle avoidance:

Obstacle avoidance

 Stereo camera is used for obstacle avoidance performances, since it has very high resolution.