Electronics and Communication Project Report on JPEG Image Compression

Even after the development in the data transfer rates and bandwidths the transfer has become very costly in the applications has the image contains a lot of information. So there is need for compression techniques where the image will be encoded in a format and is transmitted over the network. The image will be decoded by a decryption process by which the original image will be obtained. There are various image compression techniques available. In this paper we will look into JPEG image compression technique and how the encryption and decryption algorithms for transmitted the image.

Brief on JPEG compression algorithm:

Image which carries information in the form of rectangular array of dots called as pixels. Depending on the pixel value the color of it is identified. Here in JPEG image compression method the encoding process is done over where the original image is divided into 8X8 size blocks of sub images. Here DCT is performed on each image separately and the resultant is divided with the quantization matrix.

The obtained value is made into one dimensional data for obtaining this we can apply zig zag coding, arithmetic or a by applying Huffman coding algorithm. To obtain the original image the reverse mechanism is applied in the decoder. Here we use a source encoder in the image compression model so as to reduce the redundancy present in the input image. If any data loss occurs we can measure the data loss by using fidelity criterion and apply it the algorithm to obtain the image.

Conclusions:

By using image compression the transmitted data gets decreased by which we can transmit the data by using a low frequency signal. By using JPEG compression technique the image gets encrypted which occupies less space and it does not vary the quality of the image when the original image is restored.

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Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using RF Electronics Project Report

Introduction to Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using RF Electronics Project:

Now a day’s providing data security has become very prominent and is increases the quality of communication. If there are no security measures for the data then the data can be easily hacked or diverted which reduces the quality of communication. We see electronic notice boards which store particular information and displays the particular information only till it is provided with new information. In this paper we will look into electronic notice boards which use wireless technology for transferring data by which the new information can be sent. We will see how information is transferred and different types of notice boards available.

Brief of the working model and design:

Here we use transmitter section for sending the information and each board is provided with a receiver and we use radio frequency signals for communication. We use a pan technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 which uses a standard algorithm foe encryption and decryption of the data. The encrypted will be sent to the receiver section by using RF module. 89C52 microcontroller will be used in the receiver and the transmitter sections which and an IC 7805 is used in the receiver section.

The microcontroller has a flash memory which provides the facility to reprogram. The by using a input keypad in the transmitter section we can transmit the data and it is sent to the receiver section through RF antenna and at the receiver it is received and the microcontroller processes the data and transmits it to the LED for displaying. The RF modules which are used for communication are operated at the frequency of 433 MHz.

Conclusions:

By using this method we can modify the data in the electronic notice automatically by using wireless communication. The RF modules have the capability to form a mesh network by which we can send larger data over shorter distances. By using this method we can transmit the data in a secure manner.

Download  Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using RF Electronics Project Report.

ECE Project Report on Microcontroller Based Irrigation System

Introduction to Microcontroller Based Irrigation System Project:

Due to insufficient rains and lack of proper storage reservoirs there is a need to use the limited water resources effectively. By using microcontroller based irrigation system the water the wastage of water gets reduced as the water is directly supplied near the roots. But it is very difficult to supply water only where there is a requirement, so by using an embedded based microcontroller design it is possible. In this paper we will look into the various microcontroller based irrigation methods.

Brief on the design and working:

To make a design we should look into the type of soil and the amount of water to be supplied for each plant and the time intervals to follow for supplying water. We will be using temperature and moisture sensors which will be buried under the soil each line of drip. When the temperature and the moisture are reached to the required point then they transmit a signal to the microcontroller which drives the relays by making the pipe valves to turn off.

This design can be implemented to sprinklers, drip pipes and rotary systems. Based upon the information given by sensors the microcontroller turns the pipes on or off for supply of water to the plants. For this design we will be using an 89C51 microcontroller which has 8KB of flash memory which is best suited for programming our application. The microcontroller program is written in embedded c and is loaded into the flash memory by using keil software. A DC motor is used for regulating the flow of water through the pipes. Amplifiers are connected to the sensors so as to energize the out coming signal the sensors.

Advantages:

This design is a low cost model and it can be easily installed. By employing this design we can reduce manpower and we can look after the water supply very easily. By using drip irrigation the wastage of water gets reduced and by supplying required amount of water to the plants we can yield more. This is error free design as we are using a microcontroller for monitoring the system.

Download  ECE Project Report on Microcontroller Based Irrigation System.

Segmentation of Pathological and Healthy Tissues with Reduced Weighted Vectors Using Hybrid Intelligence Techniques

For a doctor to make a better diagnosis of the tissues he needs perfect repots of the pathological tissues. There are various segmentation methods followed for obtaining the pictures but the proposed algorithm is better than other methods. The proposed method is for detection of pathological tissues and normal tissues and CSF of human brain buy MRI. We will use hybrid intelligence technique by which we can achieve high resolution pixels of the pathological tissues. In this paper we will discuss how we can pictures of the pathological tissues by employing weighed vectors execution method in magnetic resonance method.

Brief on the working algorithm:

In human body the healthy tissues have the ability to control their growth and their divisions and they have a similar array of structure whereas the tumors have capability to regenerate and we can differentiate so that we can identify the healthy and effected tissues. The magnetic resonance technique is capable of showing the difference between the healthy tissues and pathological tissues by using non invasive technique by exposing ionized rays and we can get high contrast images with a good pixel resolution.

Here clustering method is applied on the obtained data which has the capability of processing a grouped data where the similar group of data within the cluster is maximized and the similarity of the data with the other clusters maximized which helps in pattern recognition in an image. Here hybrid intelligence segmentation technique is applied on the processed image which calculates the weighted vectors for the HSOM and FCM which use additional features like entropy and energy and idm. We use fuzzy clustering technique which uses six features and gives the result of the lowest weighted vectors which the image of the tumor in the analysis.

Conclusions:

There are various methods for obtaining the pictures of the tissues but they do not give the exact detail of the infected tissue. Here we apply the clustering technique which gives the values of the low weighted vectors by which on the detail of the tumor is obtained in the computer aided analysis. By using this technique we can make a detailed diagnosis of the tumor which is helpful for the doctors for treating the infected areas.

Download  Segmentation of Pathological and Healthy Tissues with Reduced Weighted Vectors Using Hybrid Intelligence Techniques Project Report.

Wireless Energy Transmitter with Tariff System ECE and EEE Project Report

For transmitting data to the use we use wired transmission lines which is affected by various factors. The proposed system is based on wireless communication along with a tariff system. This is a microcontroller based design which transmits the data to the consumer and records the amount of data which is used for billing.

For transferring the data between the transmitter and to the consumer we use radio frequency signals. in this paper we will see how the circuit is designed and how the data is transmitted to different users.

Brief on working:

In this design we find a transmitter section present at the administrator and individual receivers are provided to the consumers. We use frequency shift keying technique which can abruptly change the carrier signal based on the phase keying.

By using this we can transmit to users with different frequencies on a specified bandwidth. We use a FSK modulator in the transmitter for modulating the carrier signal and it is transmitted by RF transmitter.

The transmitted signal is received at the receiver antenna and it is demodulated by a FSK demodulator present in the receiver device. An 89C51 microcontroller is used which has a 40 pin package which is used for monitoring the components by giving respective signals.

The microcontroller is connected to the PC by using a RS232 cable which converts the serial data into digital data. In the PC the data which is transmitted to each user is stored. We use an LCD in the transmitter section which displays the information on the signals which are sent.

Conclusions:

This is most efficient method for transmitting data to the users when compared to that of conventional wired transmission line method. We can transmit data to the users even when there is heavy rainfall or fog, but in wired methods the signal gets weak when rainfall occurs.

It is very difficult to find the problems occurred in wired lines whereas in wireless method we don’t get problems and if they occur they can be easily modified by checking the transmitter section.

Download  Wireless Energy Transmitter with Tariff System ECE and EEE Project Report.

Multiple Devices Switching Through PC Electronics Engineering Project Report

Introduction to multiple device switching:

We use various switching techniques for controlling the devices in industries. Microcontroller based switching is the most common technique which is used for switching the devices in industries. In this paper we will see switching of devices by using a Pc. We will see how the switching is possible by using a Pc and the design and the advantages of using this switching method.

Brief on design and working model:

In this design we use a serial port which consists of triac drivers and some discrete components by using this board switching of the devices is possible.  RS232 cable is used which is an efficient device in for building pc based applications by using this we can convert the serial data to the required digital which is used for driving the drivers. For obtaining switching we use optically isolated triac driver MOC3041 which can work in ac power supplies. It consists of an infrared emitting diode which is optically encoupled to a monolithic silicon detector by which switching is possible.

For the conversion of the data between the pc and the serial port we use a microcontroller. AT89S2 microcontroller is used which consists of a 40 pin package and is efficient for driving the logic circuits for obtaining switching. The 89S52 microcontroller consists of 8KB of internal flash memory which can allows us for the reprogramming and it has 32 available which can be used for input and output purposes.

Conclusions:

This is efficient method for obtaining switching of devices in industries and can be use in ac power supply environment. By using this device we can obtain switching of 8 devices and if more no devices are present we can use a multiplexer to meet the additional switching requirement. We can even use wireless communication for switching by placing a receiver and a transmitter unit.

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Temperature Monitoring System Using AT89C51 ECE Project Report

Introduction to Temperature Monitoring System Using AT89C51 Project:

The proposed design is to provide industrial automation is useful for monitoring the temperature of the devices. This is a low cost circuit which is efficient for detecting the temperature changes in the industrial equipment. A microcontroller is used which monitors are the components according to the given message, with the sensed information sent from the sensors. In this paper we will discuss about microcontroller based design can regulate the temperature changes in the equipment used in industries.

Circuit design and working:

The circuit unit consists of SL100 which is a 3 pin centigrade sensor IC is connected to microcontroller unit which measures the radiations emitted from the devices. A signal conditioning circuit is used for energizing the signal coming from the sensors. Here a transmitting and a receiving circuit is used for which measures the temperature changes and sends to the transmitting room.

The temperature sensor transmits analog information so to convert it into digital information we use ADC0809. The AT89C51 microcontroller   design is advantages that it requires only less voltage for its working and it can even operate at high voltage working environment. We use a 7 segment display which gets the input from the microcontroller and displays the temperature. The keil software is very advantageous in programming flash memories. To connect the serial lines over the parallel lines we use keil software which is capable for providing serial to parallel communication. Here we use a printed circuit board and we use soldering process for fixing the hardware components.

Applications and future scope:

These kind of devices can be used in home automation systems for controlling the appliances. These have very negligible chances for the errors to occur and we can reduce usage of manpower for performing this kind of activities. These are very useful devices in industries for monitoring the sudden changes occurring in the devices.

Download  Temperature Monitoring System Using AT89C51 ECE Project Report.

3 Phase Appliance Protector Electrical Engineering Final Year Project Report

Introduction to 3 Phase Appliance Protector Electrical Engineering Project:

In many industries we find 3 phase motors for running different equipment. The three phase are less expensive and they can be started easily when compared to that of DC motors. The three phase motors are very sensitive and they get damaged when any of the phases does not work and they draw huge currents to the load from the available two phase which causes breakdown. To avoid this we will use single phase preventer to avoid the damages caused due to phase faults. In this paper we will see how the single phasing preventer works and how is it connected to the three phase appliances.

Brief on working of single phasing preventer:

In three phase motors if any of the phase fails the other two phases make the fields to produce the required torque for the load which damages the appliance. The single phasing preventer uses a IC NE555 for driving the relays. In this two phases are connected to the relays and there are connect in such a way that they act as a enabling device for the other when one relay is energized.

The relays are connected serially so as to obtain a AND gate logic which makes the device on when both the inputs are high. The availability of the one phase makes the other two phases to get on by the IC, if any of the phases fails then the other phases does not get on. So this prevents the other two phases to get available to the appliance and the device gets off automatically.

Advantages of using single phasing preventers:

This is a efficient device which automatically makes the appliance off when any of the phase does not work which prevents the device from getting damaged. This device is a low cost and it has only a delay of 4 seconds to make the appliance off when a phase failure is detected. 

Download  3 Phase Appliance Protector Electrical Engineering Final Year Project Report.

Feedback Linearization Method for Improvement of Power Systems Transient Stability Mini Project Report

Introduction to Feedback Linearization Method for Improvement of Power Systems Transient Stability Mini Project:

Any device cannot give 100 percent output from the given input. All the devices which we are using are cable of give two thirds of the supplied input as output. So we need to increase the output efficiency and there are various methods for improving the output efficiency of the device. By using these techniques we cannot get 100 percent output but we can get better maximized output. In this paper we will discuss feedback linearization method which is used for increasing the output stability of power systems.

Brief of feedback models:

In feedback method we will check the output of the device and based on the result we will make a feedback which improves its output efficiency. For controlling of nonlinear systems the feedback linearization method is best one. By using a certain control point we can convert the nonlinear systems into linear systems. We use linear control techniques and algebraic transformations for making the conversion from non linear to linear systems.

To model the power system we use a multi variable non linear controller. Multi variable non linear controller is designed based on the concept of feedback linearization which con improves the transient stability of the power systems and we can control voltage regulations even at fault conditions. The controller enhances the swing stability and damping occurring at larger disturbances which increases the terminal voltage regulation. In power systems the operating points change very frequently so by linearization method we can control the varying operating points.

Conclusions:

The feedback linearization method is the best one for improving the transient stability of the power systems and they can control the varying operating points through linearization which is not possible by conventional methods. This is the most efficient method for maximizing the output of the device. By using feedbacks we can control the output by using a controller and it can be varied by changing the input parameters.

Download  Feedback Linearization Method for Improvement of Power Systems Transient Stability Mini Project Report.

Faulty Material Identification Using PLC Electronics Project Abstract

This project aims at developing a fully automated industrial process. Automatic control plays a crucial role in designing advanced devices and even for running of devices in the industries. This project aims at designing automation system which monitors the working of the devices and gives an alarm in case of emergencies. In this paper we will see the working of the conveyer belt model design for carrying coal. The automation program systems are designed by crouzet PLC units.

Brief of working model:

In this we will design a conveyer belt automation system which carries coal and by using a sensor we will detect large coal particles and are removed. We use a crouzet cd12 PLC which is a compact controller and it uses a ladder program for automation. To run the conveyer belt we will use two DC motors and for ejecting the large coal particles we will use another dc motor. The sensor senses large coal particles and it passé the information to the PLC and it drives the ejecting device for removing the large coal particles.

To make the motors on and off based on the signal given from the PLC we use relays which can automatically turn on and off based on the signal pulse. L293D driver IC is used for transferring the signal sent from the plc to the motor. The entire design works a power supply of 24V.

Conclusions:

These kinds of automation devices are very useful for designing advanced systems. This type automation system can reduce the usage of manpower in industries and it can easily monitor all the equipment in the industry. By using this kind of automation systems we can increase the accuracy and there are very negligible chances for errors to occur.

Download  Faulty Material Identification Using PLC Electronics Project Abstract.