Human Transporter System ECE Project Report

Introduction to Human Transporter System Project:

The human transporter is a two wheeled electrical vehicle can able to transport persons from one place to other and also equipment  it is an innovative eco friendly driving system capable of drawing loads up to 75 kilo grams, and runs at speed up to 12.5 mph, at a range of 11 miles for every single charge powered batteries (UPS), it was an self balancing systems uses highly sophisticated micro processors, dc gear motors, angle tilt sensors.

 Whenever a person stands on the limbs of the transporter the tilt sensor gets activated and the vehicle moves forward in order to get its previous balanced condition, it governs the movements of human body it replaces wheels instead of legs and dc drives instead of muscles, and electricity instead of energy, micro processor instead of brain and sensors instead of human eye.

Due to the rapid advancement of embedded systems in the field of control systems had begun to invent new technologies one of its application paved path for the invention of human transporter, it uses infra red sensors to sense the path for human travel without any obstacles, the displaying unit presents information about the varying conditions in the surroundings, and works as the user guide for the traveler.

This device operates under two operational modes,  manual  mode and auto mode in manual mode the traveler provided with an key pad in front of him to give directions while in the other hand in auto mode the transporter works based on the prescribed path which is already programmed in it, drives humans automatically, various tests were conducted  for the transporter for knowing its battery strength, load capacity, speed variations, performance limits, operations under varying conditions, these  transport systems are free from collisions by implementing obstacle avoidance technology. These ground population systems are the future for the human transportation with safe driving capabilities. 

Food Waste Disposal Machine ECE Project Report

This paper presents a new concept in food waste management; due to lack of awareness among people resulting disasters management of wastes so in this paper we addressed the adverse effects caused due to improper management of   material wastes, in order to minimize the socio-economical conditions, environmental effects, human health hazards.

These unused, unwanted human garbage’s/junks are to be properly managed in order to reduce the negative impacts on environment and society, to generate minimum amount of wastages, and to achieve practical benefits.

They are two types of wastes, degradable and non degradable wastes, the degradable wastes comes under plants, livings organisms etc, where as the non degradable comes under the artificial wastes like plastics which cannot be decomposed.

The sources of these wastes are mainly domestic wastes, commercial wastes, animal wastes, electronic wastes, industrial wastes, hazardous nuclear wastes, and bio medical wastes.

These wastes are to be disposed properly or recycled, we a better recycling phenomenon in this project by implementing food waste disposal machine which the re uses these wastes in the form of fertilizers, by grinding the unused food materials and make it dry and feed to the plants in the form of fertilizers.

This project mainly consists of a relay, limit switch, IR sensor, induction and dc motors including transmitter and receiver sections operates at 12v dc supply, the input of this system is connected to any waste dumping systems like dish wash tubs,  and other garbage disposal, sewage disposal units, depending on the conditions of operation, these wastes are taken into the disposal system by means of an conveyor belt  and after processing the  recycled waste is feed to the plants,  the overall intent of this project is to provide the basic awareness in the minds of people  about the utilization of wastage’s for useful purposes, by separating these wastes at the source level itself.  

Download  Food Waste Disposal Machine ECE Project Report.

Mobile Controlled Robot using DTMF Technology ECE Project Report

Introduction to Mobile Controlled Robot using DTMF Technology Project:

In our project Mobile Controlled Robot using DTMF, we implement a smart logic and control system based on embedded systems using a micro controller, here the DTMF robot machine is controlled by the mobile signals, in which we make a call to the mobile phone which is inter connected to the DTMF robot operated at auto answer mode, based up on the instructions given by our cell phone the robot operation depends our mobile acts as an remote control for the robot.

DTMF stands for dual tone multiple frequency based on this the robot movements are controlled. In this project we use two small dc motors or stepper motors or servo motors to drive the robot, one for the back wheel and the other for the front wheel based on h-bridge concept, the mobile device is interfaced with the intellectual device called micro controller this micro controller controls the movements of the robot by decoding the tones received from the DTMF, and performs the pre defined tasks appropriate for that condition.

The major components of this project are the DTMF control drives, 89C52 micro controller, and GSM modem with mobile, mechanical robot system operated at continuous regulated linear mode supply. Conventional radio frequency robot control techniques had disadvantages like, limited working range, and limited frequency and bandwidth ranges, and with less operational control.

In this project using mobile phone for robotic control had wide working ranges with high control, less interference with intense accessibility. These DTMF mechanical systems find applications in military security actions like spy robot for bomb detection, in industrial security, controlling house hold appliances, for long distance remote sensing systems.

Up to now we discussed about the supervising strategies for the sensing the adverse effects, if we implement a Wireless CMOS Camera interface with the robot we can obtain the pictorial information also.

Accident Information Using GPS and Sensors Project Report

Introduction to Accident Information Using GPS and Sensors Project:

The main objective of this project is to provide the information about the accidents to the concerned authorities through wireless technology including the information time and place. If an accident occurred in any place the accident information system gets activated and delivers the information in shorter duration, now a days it is very difficult to locate the accident location because of heavy population and various changing conditions in transport systems.

Our system make use of GPS and GSM service in providing the information and place identification, previous system are not able to generate the spot location  using GSM but combining with GPS technology  provide the spot location facility, this automotive localization system comprises of  GSM module vibrating sensor with an GPS modem , the transmitter section consists of  GPS module which takes instructions based o the latitude and longitudinal positions from the antenna controlled by the micro controller,  GSM vibrating sensor, temperature sensor, with LCD display used to display the status and position of the vehicle.

This GPS module had GPS antenna is an high performance receiver which can track signal from 20 satellites, and the receiver section had an GSM receiver module consist of mobile station for communicating from one place to other place transmits the information to the control system with display computer, and this circuit will operates at 12v dc linear mode power supply.

This linear mode power supply is obtained from the full bride rectifier which converts 12vac to dc and this 12v ac is taken from the step down transformer which steps downs 230v ac to 12v dc.

This proposed system provides security for the drivers this can be implemented by connecting this system to the automobile by using this tracking system we can reduce the time delay, providing the immediate attention on the accident conditions with proper medication in case of remote areas.

This system can be improved by connecting a camera module in order to achieve pictorial information facilitating easy interrogation.    

Download  Accident Information Using GPS and Sensors Project Report.

PWM Fed Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PC ECE Project Report

Introduction to PWM Fed Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PC Project:

This project presents a new concept in electric load monitoring systems, in order to facilitate the good energy usage characteristics, here in this paper we implemented a new approach  in speed control of induction motors rather than conventional speed control approaches like  pole changing, stator resistance control, rotor resistance control, and frequency control methods.

In this new technique pulse width modulation the width of each pulse is varied based on the reference sine wave voltage, in this we produce several pulses in every half cycle, and maximum at the end of each half cycles and decreases, increases on either side of the half cycle, in pulse width modulation technique we can use triangular , trapezoidal, square wave as an carrier wave, this carrier wave is mixed with the reference sinusoidal wave having higher amplitude than the carrier wave in an comparator .

The pulses are generated by continuous on/off operations of the   IGBT’s, the output frequency is based upon the reference signal frequency by controlling modulation index, thus by varying the amplitude of the sine wave in its maximum and minimum ranges we can control the output voltage, now in this project we regulate the speed of an single phase induction drive by varying the supply frequency using  pulse width modulation technique based inverter controlled by the PC, our system consists of  a Microcontroller, opt-coupler, MAX232 data sheet, transistor TRIAC and  LCD to display  the obtained output.

This prototype is designed using visual basic, MPLAB, It operates at 5v dc supply, so we need to step down the 230v ac into 12v ac by a step down transformer and rectified into 5v dc by the help of full bridge rectifier, and then feed to the proposed circuit.

The entire phenomenon is clearly explained in the coming sections, the experimental results revealed that low cost, high efficient speed control system, with minimum risk in operation, and finds house hold applications because it uses pc to control the speed. 

Download  PWM Fed Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PC ECE Project Report.

Pulse Width Modulation Algorithm Using Matlab Project Report

Introduction to Pulse Width Modulation Algorithm Using Matlab Project:

In present industry the induction motors are mostly used for its simplicity, robustness, low cost, high reliability, and efficiency, less maintenance, due this high performance applications these induction motors are predominantly used in industries, the speed of the induction motors are controlled by stator voltage control or rotor resistance control and frequency control, these are conventional methods resulting overheating, operates at low speeds with less accuracy, this paper addresses a new concept in speed control of induction motor by pulse width modulation control(PWM) technique.

It is most effective method in speed regulation of these asynchronous motors; they various types of pulse width modulation techniques like sinusoidal pulse width modulation, trapezoidal pulse width modulation, triangular, square wave pulse width modulation, in this we use  to generate pulses by carrier signal, in this paper we presented an prototype using MATLAB/SIMULINK is implemented in this paper, MATLAB is an real time work shop by implementing the SIMULINK module we can achieve the real time control parameters neglecting the fiction and wind-age losses .

The better way is to change the frequency for the control of speed in pulse width modulation technique we vary the speed by regulating the number of pulses, these pulses are the integral multiples of the supply frequency, for any electronic circuit we need to provide a regulated dc power supply so in our circuit we use  Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)  for the conversion of  ac to controlled dc, the output control wave form of pulse width modulation is an stepped sinusoidal wave form which is nearly a sinusoidal wave form that means the speed control of the induction drive is smooth.

By implementing this pulse width modulation we can reduce the undesirable harmonics by using selective harmonic technique,  finally the results from the readings of the TACHOGENERATOR  we observed that the speed of the induction motion is  controlling with respect to the supply frequency. 

Download  Pulse Width Modulation Algorithm Using Matlab Project Report.

Pre Paid Energy Meter Microcontroller Project Report

Introduction to Pre Paid Energy Meter Microcontroller Project:

This paper presents a new advanced technology, prepaid energy meter, these meter became an innovative solution for the cost utilities and in this system the users should pay before the use, the main objective of this project is to provide an energy meter that generate pulses in accordance with the varying load this can be used for tariff calculations and it is also known as smart card energy meter, now a days the measurement of electrical energy and billing according with the usage became a prime feature in the electrical boards, the conventional methods used in these days are in effective in terms of accuracy.

So we provided a new concept, by using these energy meters at  the consumer locations made very easy to access power to the each consumer comfortably with reduced man power, and the consumption rates are determined accurately,  this is the advanced technology in automatic reading meters, which calculates not the consumption rates but also calculates the amount in currency, it has three interfacing one is metering interface, the other is monitoring interface, and the third one is communication interface.

This metering has an LED facility which shows information on credits available with an alarm which the utilization of these credits in decremented form. The communication interface is provided with infra red interface for credits transfer, relay control. This modern prepaid meter is robust, flexible, multi tariff billing, power factor detecting and imparting, easily upgraded, high reliable with maximum accuracy at low power consumption.  

The design with individual component representation with their characteristics and features are elaborated in this paper and verification results are tabulated.  This energy meter is rectifying the conventional billing strategies by the concept pay before use; the only thing needed for this implementation is social acceptability, and for proper execution regular management in load, demand aspects.

Manufacturing and Testing Process of Turbo Generators Project Report

Introduction to Manufacturing and Testing Process of Turbo Generators Project:

This project gives the detailed information about the turbo generators, in our project Manufacturing and testing process of   turbo generators we provide a detail study on turbo generators regarding their production cycle, and testing process.

These turbo generators are nothing but alternators driven by the turbines here the turbines acts as a prime mover the rest is similar to the conventional alternator.

while coming from their origin these works on the principle of electro-magnetic induction principle, consists of a rotor and stator, the stator comprises of stator frame for the support of the laminated core and windings, and a laminated stator core provided with ventilation in order to minimize the eddy current losses its purpose is to support stator winding, here the rotating part rotor consists of slotted rotor shaft  for placing field winding(rotor windings) is an single solid piece can withstand high mechanical stress and  non-magnetic rotor retaining rings to overcome centrifugal forces, and for cooling purpose we use rotor fans, the assembly, Preparation of lamination’s   Manufacture of stator coils, excitation systems, cooling methods, Various insulation systems are clearly explained in their respective  sections.

The various process of insulation schemes are resin rich and resin poor systems each system had its own advantages and disadvantages here we introduce a new concept in the turbo generators insulation vacuum pressure impregnation induces pressure for good penetration of varnish on the coils, there are various kinds ventilations like Radial Ventilation system, Axial Ventilation system.

Multiple inlet Ventilation system for various ratings of the turbo generators. While coming to testing of an alternator we perform two kinds of tests process tests during manufacturing and performance tests after assembly of the generator, in order to study the discharge phenomenon quadratic-rate partial discharge tests are conducted on the stator bars, various kinds of process and performance tests are listed below, with tabulated experimental results. 

Download  Manufacturing and Testing Process of Turbo Generators Project Report.

Laser Torch-Based Voice Transmitter And Receiver

Introduction to Laser Torch-Based Voice Transmitter And Receiver Project:

In this paper we demonstrate a new revolutionary concept in the field of fiber optic communication systems, with the implementation o lasers in the field of optical communication had created new dimensions in the advancement of virtual communication, in conventional radio frequency communication systems we find limitations like high interference with less secrecy, and with less data rate transfer.

In this wireless communication era in order to communicate with others at low cost with high accuracy, lasers based communication is the only answer, here laser torch is used as the carrier for the signals, this signals are transmitted by means of  laser beam. It is similar to fiber optic cable system but only difference is instead of optical fiber we use lasers here.

 This system consist of two sections one is transmitter section, and the other receiver section, the transmitter which is operated at 9v comprises of a condenser MIC which take the audio signals and this audio signal is coupled along with the laser beams and transmitted into the space, the receiver takes these signals, this laser based receiver is an NPN photo transistor which amplifies the low power low amplitude audio signal by using an common emitter audio frequency amplifier, and feeds into receiver speaker.

This entire summary of the components used and the designing criteria is briefly explained in this paper, our laser based communication had many advantages in economical prospective with low cost, no additional investment for future communication, secure data transmission maintaining privacy, these lasers can transmit data in any medium with high data rate, these lasers are mono chromatic and coherent with narrow beam divergence making this system a highly reliable in modern wireless communication systems, our project is very useful in offices, conference halls.

We had successfully implemented this project and desired results had obtained by using high range lasers our will be the future for satellite communications. 

Download  Laser Torch-Based Voice Transmitter And Receiver.

Automatic Street Light Control Using LDR MicroController Project Report

Introduction to Automatic Street Light Control Using LDR MicroController Project:

The main objective of this paper is to provide a better solution to minimize the electrical wastage in operating street lights, in this electronic era human became restless and he is not in a position to regulate the manual operations in any field, a rapid advancement in embedded systems had paved path for the virtual mechanisms based on micro controllers, this paper presents an automatic street light controller using light dependent resistor(LDR) which is also known as photo resistor made cadmium sulfide.

These systems operate in accordance with the varying  sun light, whenever there is sufficient light in surroundings this LDR exhibits high resistance and acts as an insulator, while in darkness this LDR behaves as low resistance path and allows the flows of electricity, this LDR’s operates with the help of  IR sensors, these sensors are activated under low illumination conditions and these are controlled by an AT89C51 micro controller, every basic electronic circuit will operate under regulated 5v dc, so need to step down the 230v ac into 12v ac by means of an step down transformer, this 12v ac is to converter into 5v dc by using an bridge rectifier, and this controlled output from the voltage regulator is sent to the operational kit.  

The heart of this circuit is the low power, high performance 8051 micro controller is programmed by embedded assembly programming language for implementing these tasks; this program is stored and operated by means of storage device EPROM, while coming to the functional block i.e. LDR, these LDR’s are in expensive, smaller in size, less complexity, highly reliable, low power applications, minimum risk with greater accuracy.

Our project is successfully implemented in many areas based on the experimental verification proving that it can save the electrical power to greater extent removing the manual work completely; this system became the origin for upcoming advanced intelligent systems in saving both human and electrical power.

Download  Automatic Street Light Control Using LDR MicroController Project Report.