Controlling Solar Panel Using MicroController ECE Project Report

Introduction to Controlling Solar Panel Using MicroController Project:

Due the extinction of the non renewable energy resources a rapid development had occurred in utilization, conservation of natural renewable energy resources, solar energy is major renewable energy available for the humans in the environment. In utilization of this solar energy scientists have been implementing several methods that reforms the efficiency in saving the energy prodded from the solar panels, through these researches a new concept had arrived in order to control and regulate the solar panels, here in this paper we introduced a new concept solar panel tracking system.

The main objective of our project is to control the solar panel angular movements based on the movements of the sun. The positions of the solar panel are altered by means of stepper motor and micro controller set, the variations in the orbit of the sun are divided into segments, Real Time Clock (RTC) is used to fix specific time limits for each segments.

Solar cell is made silicon wafer and it implements photovoltaic effect in order to convert solar energy into electrical energy, hence it is also termed as photovoltaic cell.

These solar cells produce neat energy about 1400 kilowatt, the stepper motor is used here to convert the pulses into angular movements, and its controls the movements of the solar panel, an 8051 micro controller is used in kit to guide stepper motor in controlling panel positions, DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is used here is capable of operating under Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C.  the hardware assembly was neatly explained, As per the research out comes average output wattage for a moving panel is around 6.9141 W is high when compared to the fixed panel, the load curve represents the power generation at various times in a day.

The solar tracking system has several advantages; it has low running cost, less impact on harmful atmospheric gases, long life cycle with good efficiency.

Laser Assisted Machining Of INCONEL 718 ECE Seminar Report

In this paper we introducing a new innovative technology in machining brittle ceramic materials with the help of lasers, Laser Assisted Machining (LAM) is a way of machining hard-to-wear materials, which cannot be performed using ordinary conventional methods, LAM employs laser technology with general machining methods such as turning and milling.

In this process first we smoothens the surface of the given ceramic material using laser and gradually we cut the parts that are used for machining, heating the interior will not damage the interior of the machine, these lasers are employed under very high temperatures about 1000degers centigrade and above, by using lasers minute operations can also performed at the interior parts of the machine.

In recent years laser assisted machining had improved a lot in terms of research and development, Nd:YAG laser is used for these experiments, and presently we use the work piece  Inconel 718 for our project.  These experiments had revealed that the capital cost in laser assisted machining had decreased up to 60%, it significantly minimized the cutting force upto40%, This Inconel alloy 718 has several advantages like high tensile strength, minimum corrosion and it is alloy of nickel chromium metal.

The balancing condition between corrosion and oxidation is maintained within limits. The main objective and considerations while introducing this Laser Assisted Machining is provide minimum surface hardening, less interior defects, to reduce the tools and running cost, reaching the target with in very less time with maximum material removal rate, and to attain high reliability with maximum accuracy, the smoothness is increased due to lower dynamic cutting force.

Future scope:

The methodology has to be improved in the areas of in maintaining proper rotation speed and distance between cutting piece and tool kit has to be modified, work should be done on improving the laser power, these are challenges facing up to now, upcoming researches will overcome these remedies.

Download  Laser Assisted Machining Of  INCONEL 718 ECE Seminar Report.

Optical Communication System without Fibers ECE Seminar Report

Introduction to Optical Communication System without Fibers Seminar Topic:

Now-a-days everything every work we want to have is faster things. If it works fast means it will be the most popular thing. In day today life speed is the main concern. One of the main field which require high speed is communication. Communication has been always simply relied on speed.

In long ago, olden days communication had been continued through fiber cables but now in this twenty first century wireless network is spreading everywhere rapidly because of its speed and relatively high robust network. For a wire line network physical damages may occur frequently but for wireless system there will be no such kind of damages.

By the invention of laser beam in 1958, optical communication has been originated and developed low loss fabricated optical fiber in 1970. By saying optical communication means we think of optical fibers but in this project of optical communication system without fibers we are going to deal optical communication without using fiber can also call free space optics (FSO).

Free space optics is not a new concept, it is developed before the fiber optic cable became the transport medium preferred for high speed communication. This free space optics or FSO technology offers high bandwidth last mile connectivity to the requirement of today’s converged network. This Free space optics (FSO) technology was used in defense and aerospace applications.

FSO technology can transmit up to 2.5 gbps of data, video and voice communication and it is a line of sight technology. FSO communicates at the speed of light as wireless communication means transmission of a modulated infrared or visible beam through atmosphere.

As the speed of light is faster in air medium than glass, with FSO also we can communicate at light speed as we use LEDs or LASER beam for the transmission. This project gives detailed description about free space optics technology.

Download  Optical Communication System without Fibers ECE Seminar Report.

Polytechninic Seminar Topic on Designing Network Monitoring System Communication with Report

Introduction to Polytechninic Seminar Topic on Designing Network Monitoring System Communication:

The communication between computers for file sharing and accessing data on other computers is called network. Network is defined as communication between collections of computers for sharing resources for example Printer.

The network is classified into three types based data speed and band width and transfer and receive capabilities.

They are:

  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN) 

Local Area Network (LAN):

          LAN is a network between only a number of computers that they are existed with in the building. The speed is up to 512KBPS speed. The band width is small compared to MAN. 

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):

     MAN   network that connects over the city or town and its coverage distance 10-100KMS. The Band Width is high compared to LAN as well as Speed also. Its speed is around 100MBPS.

Wide Area Network (WAN):

 WAN covers the countries its range of coverage is 10,000 kilometers. Its band width is very high and speed is also in GBS Up to 10GBPS.

These networks are allowed to interconnect with different media like twisted pair copper wire, optical capable, coaxial cable, Bluetooth (it covers a meter of distance).In September 1940 George stibitz used to transfer the results from his college to New York and the calculator received the results.

The Network monitoring Includes:

• Automatic Discovery

• Smart Classification & Mapping

• Indepth Performance Monitoring

• Security Management

• Intelligent Alerting

• Solution’s Scalability 

Conclusion:

By this network monitoring system one can easily accessed from home and can be monitored. Security is also provided for this system without accessing of intruders and hackers. The system alerts the user whenever another user tries to open the system on network. All resources are shared based on priority.

Download  Polytechninic Seminar Topic on Designing Network Monitoring System Communication with Report.

Electronic Seminar Topic on Types on Onion

Introduction to Electronic Seminar Topic on Types on Onion:

1.     Forward Onions

Forward onions square measure won’t to produce unspecified circuits that are used for normal connections. A forward onion which consists of associate degree onion correct, a respondent header within the goods of an information cell, and target swarm address and port in an exceedingly the payload of an information cell.

 2.     Reply Onions

It is such kind of Onions which is used for create unnamed circuit which will used for reply connections. This consists of an onion proper and responder header. This responder header consists of an onion processor address, port, and onion processor header etc. key seeds; destination host information and process header are encrypted in this reply onion processor.

 3.     Replayable Reply Onions

A replayable reply onion contains associate onion correct, with a little set within the flags field indicating that it’s a reply onion, a communicator header with a little set within the flags field indicating that the onion may be a reply onion, the address and port of the reply onion processor, a reply onion processor header, the destination host address and port and eventually the key seed material. Repayable reply onions square measure comfortable produce anonymous circuits which will be used for replayable reply connections.

 4.     Rekeying Onions

Rekeying onions are 12 layers with encrypted form. Between ordinary onions and rekeying onions there are no such differences. Only difference is their structure. It is mainly used to distribute new symmetric keys. Rekeying onions are encrypted by symmetric cryptography.

 5.     Tunneling Onions

To create anonymous tunnel circuit this type of onions are needed. It consist two or more onion proper, one responder header and destination host information. Last layer of last onion consist a bit which will show indicate when tunneling will occur. After this N DATA CELL will be repackaged where N is the number of cells required.

Download  Electronic Seminar Topic on Types on Onion.

Seminar Report On Laser Induced Ignition of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

In this paper Laser induced ignition of gasoline direct injection engines is presented, laser stands for light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation and characteristics is in unidirectional nature, monochromatic, without dropping the intensity up to the target. Here we discuss mainly the way the lasers are providing better solutions for ignitions, lasers tease days find enormous application in almost every field and they are the main source for the scientific advancements that are going to happen in future.

I order to achieve more potential in facing the real time problems in ignition methodologies we are introducing a new concept based on laser technology which gaining much in recent times. Apart from the expense of lasers their capability in attaining high reliability, accuracy nullifies its one only drawback. Gas lasers, Chemical lasers, Exciter lasers, Solid-state lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Dye lasers are the different lasers are mentioned in this paper along with their functional characteristics.

The conventional spark plug system is not flexible with slow frame propagation, fire hazardous in nature and frequent maintenance is to be done these drawbacks are nullified by our   Laser induced ignition system, facilitating accurate target location i.e. focal point,  with spark plug flexibility, less  effected from fires, neat and easily maintained with minimum energy requirement.

The combustion chamber experiment is carried out by us along with engine experiments in order to the find the ignition delay time, pressure gradients,  the results are experimentally validated showing that laser induced ignition system is far better than the ordinary conventional spark plug ignition. The margin of fuel consumption is drastically very low when compared to spark plug ignition and it’s about 20%. The smoothness in operation is consistent than spark plug ignition, these lasers can also operate within the fuel spray, and it has minimum percentage of hazardous atmospheric gas emissions.

Download  Seminar Report On Laser Induced Ignition of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines .

Infrared Remote Control ECE Seminar Report

Introduction to Infrared Remote Control Seminar Topic:

Look around your room and count how many things that you have at your house which are controlled by using remote. You can find many things in a single room which works with remote control system. Everyone watch televisions, VCRs, and stereos which works using remote. However, we can also find more appliances using remote control in now-a-days are that lights controllers, the temperature control, drapes, the front door lock and many more. Remote control system firstly used in military purpose in world war I and in world war II. There have been invented many different types of remote controlling systems. Some have helped in society develop, and others led to our demise.

 German, United States military used first remote controls to operate machines during in world war I and in world war II. During world war II, radio-controlled motor boats the German navy to ram enemy ships. By world war II, the use of remote controls began to use around worldwide, remote control weapons, bombs. The military has a lot of uses for remote controls but beginning in late 1940’s, scientists began experiments to discover the use of remote control for other uses than on the battlefield.

The famous scientist, Robert Adler, holds patents for 180 electronic devices, he is well known for his contribution in the remote control development.

Zenith Radio Corporation, now called as Zenith Electronics developed most primitive remote control system in 1950. This project explains how the remote control system developed and operation of the remote control systems which use Infrared IR rays for application. Remote controls are consumer devises used to give commands from a distance to consumer electronics like televisions, DVD players, air conditioner, cars and many other appliances. By using a micro controller we can control the operations of remote control devices which form the heart of the project.

Download  Infrared Remote Control ECE Seminar Report.

Extraction of Text from Video ECE Seminar Report

Introduction to Extraction of Text from Video:

In these modern days everything is online like shopping, education, jobs, music, games, news and many more. To connect with the people far from us through video chat or video calling and many us are also e learners that is they learn by accessing internet and also music lovers watch video songs. Everyday life is circulating around internet only from the wake up to the sleep. In accessing internet we may come across plenty of videos. Sometimes we may not able to understand the voice from a video or we want to extract the text from the video for better understand.

For example consider a Traffic control police uses a digital camera and catches the video of somebody who crossed traffic limits and he wants to see the vehicle number of that person. Here comes the problem of extracting texts from the videos. Not only a traffic police or a police come across these problems, a common people may also come across these kinds of many problems in their day to day life.

This project can solve the above problem of extracting text from a video using video text detection and recognition. By using edge detection based method we can extract the text from video and use matlab for implementation. Here we use the concept of critical angles 90 degree called threshold angles and 180 degree and the text is extracted and by using the edge image concept we recognize the text. Extracting the text from a video is a two step process of finding text region of the original image and separation of text from the background.

This project finds many real time applications like semantic video indexing, video surveillance, summarization and in many more. But the main drawback of this application is that it works only on the images having proper edge.

Download  Extraction of Text from Video ECE Seminar Report.

ECE Seminar Idea on Speech Coding

Introduction to Seminar Idea on Speech Coding:

The speech coding is by done by converting sound waves of our voices into electric signal. The process is carried out by recording the voice by a microphone. A microphone consist of diaphragm, magnet and a coil of wire when we speak the voice waves vibrate the diaphragm which is connected to magnet this cause diaphragm to move on the coil.

While the magnet is moving a electrical current is created the whole process stored at one place and it comes out as sound. Analog signal is used by microphone. For conversion of analog signal into digital signal DAC is used. The analog signal is first passed over band pass filter. The band pass filter filters the signal between 3000Hz to 3KHZ.

Band-Pass Filter:

The band pass filter converts analog signal to digital and as well as digital to analog. The analog digital converter measures the analog signal from microphone 8000 times/second. The ADC takes input for every 125 mille seconds. The sample is quantified with 13-block data. The data rate of 104KBPS is too large to handle so it is to be encoded by speech encoder to reduce bit rate.

Linear predictive coding:

In LPC 13-bit coding are saved in memory.160 of the audio samples make a audio of 20ms this contains 2080 bits.LPC analyzes this 20ms and determines 8 coefficients for filtering.LPC identifies the voice of humans.Lpc encode reduces 20ms from 2080 bits of audio data.

Block Coding:

The audio block of 20ms is transferred to the block coding. They are splatted for reconstruction based on importance. Class 1 bits are very important and they are further divided into IA and Ib. IA are protected by cyclic code Ia and Ib are combined with 4 additional class bits to tail

Convolutional coding:

 In this coding errors are detected and corrected according to limit. Every bit is twice of class 1 entries. The coding uses of 5 consecutive bits to calculate redundancy bits. Class 2 bits are not allowed in convolutional coding.

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Sensor Node Seminar Report

Introduction to Sensor Node Seminar Topic:

Actually sensor nodes were developed in 1998 in smart dust project. The main aim of this project is making of communication between cubic millimeters autonomously. The goal is to completely integrate in a single package for the purpose of wireless communication between devices. It has large motes builded using available peripherals and one of the motes is RF mote which is capable of 60-feest distance communicating and it also have some sensors like humidity, temperature, light intensity, vibration.

Architecture:

The architecture of this device include

  • Micro controller
  • Transceiver
  • External memory
  • Power source
  • Sensors

Micro controller:

The micro controller controls the functions of other components in sensor node. The micro controller is best choice for sensor node. The flexibility in device and less power consumption is the best feature in it. For the general purpose micro controller the power consumption is more than that of micro controller

Transceiver:

ISM band is used by sensor node which gives free radio with huge spectrum allocation and global validity. Both transmitter and receiver are integrated in one device called transceiver. The operational states include transmit, sleep, idle.

External memory:

The memory is used to store the data in flash chip and application related data is also stored in this memory there are two types one is user memory and another is program memory. The memory contains information of identity of a device.

Power Source:

The power is actually supplied by a battery or capacitor but mainly battery is used. The battery is used to supply power for sensor node. There are two types of batteries they are rechargeable and normal battery.

Sensors:

Sensors are hardware devices that can detect change in physical medium. Like temperature and pressure. The sensors detect analog signals and covert them and sent to receiver for further processing.

Download  Sensor Node Seminar Report .